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Anatomy Quiz 4 > Upper GI > Flashcards

Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is within the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serous fluid

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2
Q

What is a double layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ and attaches it to a body wall?

A

Mesentery

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3
Q

What is made of double peritoneum and connects organs together?

A

Peritoneal ligaments

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4
Q

What are layers of peritoneum that connect the stomach to other organs?

A

Omenta

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5
Q

The peritoneal cavity is divided into 2 regions:

A

Greater sac

Lesser sac

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6
Q

What structure divides the greater sac into 2 regions?

A

Transverse mesocolon

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7
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the greater sac?

A

Supracolic (above transverse mesocolon)

Infracolic (below transverse mesocolon)

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8
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie?

A

Behind the stomach and lesser omentum

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9
Q

The retroperitoneal space is between what layers?

A

Posterior parietal peritoneum and posterior ab wall

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10
Q

What organ releases bile? What organ stores bile?

A

Releases- liver

Stores- gallbladder

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11
Q

How does bile become released from gallbladder?

A

When highly fatty meals enters duodenum, CCK is released which causes gallbladder to contract and release bile to mix with the chyme in the duodenum

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12
Q

Which part of the liver does the gallbladder touch?

A

Main portal fissure on the visceral surface of the liver

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13
Q

The right and left hepatic ducts merge to form which structure?

A

Common hepatic duct

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14
Q

What 3 regions make up the gallbladder?

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

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15
Q

What structure comes off the gallbladder at the neck?

A

Cystic duct

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16
Q

What structures within the neck of the gallbladder help it from kinking?

A

Spiral valves

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17
Q

What does the cystic duct join?

A

Common hepatic duct

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18
Q

What makes up the common bile duct?

A

Cystic duct

Common hepatic duct

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19
Q

True or false. The common bile duct passes posteriorly to the duodenum and anterior to the head of the pancreas.

A

False. It does travel posteriorly to the duodenum but it travels through the head of the pancreas

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20
Q

What does the common bile duct merge with?

A

Pancreatic duct

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21
Q

What portion of the duodenum does the common bile duct enter?

A

2nd portion

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22
Q

What do the common bile duct and pancreatic duct form?

A

Ampulla of vater

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23
Q

What controls the release of bile into the duodenum?

A

Sphincter of Odi

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24
Q

Where is the bile and pancreatic juices released into the duodenum?

A

Major duodenal papillae

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25
What level does the pancreas lie?
L1-L2
26
Where is the head of the pancreas?
Nestled in the C curve of the duodenum
27
Where is the tail of the pancreas?
Against the spleen
28
What 5 regions comprise the pancreas?
``` Head Neck Body Tail Uncinate process ```
29
Where does the uncinate process of the pancreas lie?
Posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels
30
Where is the spleen located?
9th-11th ribs posteriorly
31
What are the 3 main ligaments that support the spleen?
Gastrosplenic Splenorenal Phrenicocolic
32
The gastrosplenic ligament connects what?
Greater curvature of stomach | Hilium of spleen
33
What two structures run through the gastrosplenic ligament?
Short gastric vessels | Left gastroepliploic vessels
34
Where is the splenorenal ligament?
Overlying kidneys
35
What runs through the splenorenal ligament?
Splenic vessels
36
What does the phrenicocolic ligament connect?
Splenic flexure of colon | Lateral border of diaphragm
37
What 4 structures are in the RUQ?
Liver Gallbladder Biliary tract Duodenum
38
What 2 structures are in the LUQ?
Stomach | Spleen
39
What 2 structures are retroperitoneal?
Pancreas | Duodenum
40
Where does the gallbladder sit?
Right below the costal margins
41
What level is the umbilicus at?
L3-L4
42
Where does the liver lie?
Inferior to right hemidiaphragm
43
True or False. The liver is only part of the RUQ?
False. Part of it extends across the midline to the LUQ
44
What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?
Diaphragmatic | Visceral
45
What structure attaches the liver to the ab wall?
Falciform ligament
46
What separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
Falciform ligament
47
What forms the inferior margin of the falciform ligament and is an embryological remnant?
Ligamentum teres (umbilical vein)
48
What is the porta hepatis?
The portal triad at the hilum of the liver
49
What 3 structures run in the porta hepatis?
Proper hepatic artery Portal vein Common bile duct
50
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
Right Left Quadrate Caudate
51
Where is the quadrate lobe?
Next to gallbladder
52
Where is the caudate lobe?
Next to the IVC
53
The falciform ligament splits into what and where?
At the superior surface of liver splits into 2 coronary ligaments
54
What is the bare area?
Part of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver that doesn't have ligaments covering it
55
What does the greater omentum connect?
Greater curvature of stomach and duodenum over small intestine and BACK under to the transverse colon
56
What forms the left border of the greater omentum?
Gastrosplenic ligament
57
What two parts form the lesser omentum?
Hepatogastric ligament | Hepaduodenal ligament
58
What does the hepatogastric ligament connect?
Lesser curvature of stomach to liver
59
What 2 structures run in the hepatogastric ligament?
Right and left gastric vessels | Vagus nerve
60
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament connect?
Porta hepatis to duodenum
61
What 3 structures run within the hepatoduodenal ligament?
Proper hepatic artery Portal vein Common bile duct
62
True or False. The greater and lesser sacs are not continuous.
False. They are continuous at the epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
63
What are the 5 regions of the stomach?
``` Cardia Fundus Body Antrum Pylorus ```
64
What part of the stomach does the esophagus meet?
Cardia
65
What part of the stomach touches the left hemidiaphragm?
Fundus
66
What part of the stomach comprises the majority of the organ?
Body
67
What part of the stomach lies before the pylorus?
Antrum
68
What part of the stomach has a sphincter that regulates contents into the duodenum?
Pylorus
69
What are rugae?
Folds in the stomach
70
Where does the gastroesophageal junction lie?
Below the diaphragm
71
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?
Left gastric artery Splenic artery Common hepatic artery
72
Where does the left gastric artery lie?
Lesser curvature of the stomach
73
What does the left gastric artery supply?
Stomach
74
Where does the splenic artery lie?
Cranial border of pancreas
75
What does the splenic artery supply?
Spleen | Body and tail of pancreas
76
What 2 vessels does the splenic artery branch into?
Left gastroepiploic | Short gastric vessels
77
What 2 structures does the left gastroepliploic artery supply?
Greater curvature of stomach | Greater omentum
78
Where do the short gastric vessels lie?
Gastrosplenic ligament
79
What do the short gastric vessels supply?
Fundus of stomach
80
What 2 branches does the common hepatic artery branch into?
Proper hepatic artery | Gastroduodenal artery
81
What 2 branches does the gastroduodenal artery give off?
Right gastroepiploic artery | Right and left pancreaticoduodenal arteries
82
What 2 structures does the right gastroepiploic artery supply?
Stomach | Greater omentum
83
What 2 structures do the right and left pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply?
Duodenum | Head of pancreas
84
Where does the proper hepatic artery lie?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
85
What branches off from the proper hepatic artery?
Right gastric artery | Right and left hepatic arteries
86
What structure do the right and left hepatic arteries enter?
Liver
87
What branches off the right hepatic artery?
Cystic artery
88
What structure does the cystic artery supply?
Gallbladder
89
What is a portal system?
Connects 2 capillary beds
90
What 2 capillary beds does the portal vein connect?
Intestinal tract/pancreas/spleen/gallbladder | Liver
91
What 2 structures does the splenic vein drain?
Spleen | Pancreas
92
What 4 veins drain into the portal vein?
Superior mesenteric vein Splenic vein Inferior mesenteric vein Left gastric (coronary) vein
93
Where do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves enter before innervating ab wall structures?
Celiac plexus
94
Where is the celiac plexus located?
T12-L1 | Anterior surface of abdominal aorta
95
Sympathetic nerves enter celiac plexus through which nerves?
Splanchnics
96
Parasympathetics enter the celiac plexus via which nerves?
Vagus
97
What would you find inferior to the transversalis fascia?
Parietal peritoneum

Anatomy Quiz 4 (4 decks)

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