Upper GI Flashcards
What is within the peritoneal cavity?
Serous fluid
What is a double layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ and attaches it to a body wall?
Mesentery
What is made of double peritoneum and connects organs together?
Peritoneal ligaments
What are layers of peritoneum that connect the stomach to other organs?
Omenta
The peritoneal cavity is divided into 2 regions:
Greater sac
Lesser sac
What structure divides the greater sac into 2 regions?
Transverse mesocolon
What are the 2 compartments of the greater sac?
Supracolic (above transverse mesocolon)
Infracolic (below transverse mesocolon)
Where does the lesser sac lie?
Behind the stomach and lesser omentum
The retroperitoneal space is between what layers?
Posterior parietal peritoneum and posterior ab wall
What organ releases bile? What organ stores bile?
Releases- liver
Stores- gallbladder
How does bile become released from gallbladder?
When highly fatty meals enters duodenum, CCK is released which causes gallbladder to contract and release bile to mix with the chyme in the duodenum
Which part of the liver does the gallbladder touch?
Main portal fissure on the visceral surface of the liver
The right and left hepatic ducts merge to form which structure?
Common hepatic duct
What 3 regions make up the gallbladder?
Fundus
Body
Neck
What structure comes off the gallbladder at the neck?
Cystic duct
What structures within the neck of the gallbladder help it from kinking?
Spiral valves
What does the cystic duct join?
Common hepatic duct
What makes up the common bile duct?
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
True or false. The common bile duct passes posteriorly to the duodenum and anterior to the head of the pancreas.
False. It does travel posteriorly to the duodenum but it travels through the head of the pancreas
What does the common bile duct merge with?
Pancreatic duct
What portion of the duodenum does the common bile duct enter?
2nd portion
What do the common bile duct and pancreatic duct form?
Ampulla of vater
What controls the release of bile into the duodenum?
Sphincter of Odi
Where is the bile and pancreatic juices released into the duodenum?
Major duodenal papillae
What level does the pancreas lie?
L1-L2
Where is the head of the pancreas?
Nestled in the C curve of the duodenum
Where is the tail of the pancreas?
Against the spleen
What 5 regions comprise the pancreas?
Head Neck Body Tail Uncinate process
Where does the uncinate process of the pancreas lie?
Posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels
Where is the spleen located?
9th-11th ribs posteriorly
What are the 3 main ligaments that support the spleen?
Gastrosplenic
Splenorenal
Phrenicocolic
The gastrosplenic ligament connects what?
Greater curvature of stomach
Hilium of spleen
What two structures run through the gastrosplenic ligament?
Short gastric vessels
Left gastroepliploic vessels
Where is the splenorenal ligament?
Overlying kidneys
What runs through the splenorenal ligament?
Splenic vessels
What does the phrenicocolic ligament connect?
Splenic flexure of colon
Lateral border of diaphragm
What 4 structures are in the RUQ?
Liver
Gallbladder
Biliary tract
Duodenum
What 2 structures are in the LUQ?
Stomach
Spleen
What 2 structures are retroperitoneal?
Pancreas
Duodenum
Where does the gallbladder sit?
Right below the costal margins
What level is the umbilicus at?
L3-L4
Where does the liver lie?
Inferior to right hemidiaphragm
True or False. The liver is only part of the RUQ?
False. Part of it extends across the midline to the LUQ
What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?
Diaphragmatic
Visceral
What structure attaches the liver to the ab wall?
Falciform ligament
What separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
Falciform ligament
What forms the inferior margin of the falciform ligament and is an embryological remnant?
Ligamentum teres (umbilical vein)
What is the porta hepatis?
The portal triad at the hilum of the liver
What 3 structures run in the porta hepatis?
Proper hepatic artery
Portal vein
Common bile duct
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
Right
Left
Quadrate
Caudate
Where is the quadrate lobe?
Next to gallbladder
Where is the caudate lobe?
Next to the IVC
The falciform ligament splits into what and where?
At the superior surface of liver splits into 2 coronary ligaments
What is the bare area?
Part of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver that doesn’t have ligaments covering it
What does the greater omentum connect?
Greater curvature of stomach and duodenum over small intestine and BACK under to the transverse colon
What forms the left border of the greater omentum?
Gastrosplenic ligament
What two parts form the lesser omentum?
Hepatogastric ligament
Hepaduodenal ligament
What does the hepatogastric ligament connect?
Lesser curvature of stomach to liver
What 2 structures run in the hepatogastric ligament?
Right and left gastric vessels
Vagus nerve
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament connect?
Porta hepatis to duodenum
What 3 structures run within the hepatoduodenal ligament?
Proper hepatic artery
Portal vein
Common bile duct
True or False. The greater and lesser sacs are not continuous.
False. They are continuous at the epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
What are the 5 regions of the stomach?
Cardia Fundus Body Antrum Pylorus
What part of the stomach does the esophagus meet?
Cardia
What part of the stomach touches the left hemidiaphragm?
Fundus
What part of the stomach comprises the majority of the organ?
Body
What part of the stomach lies before the pylorus?
Antrum
What part of the stomach has a sphincter that regulates contents into the duodenum?
Pylorus
What are rugae?
Folds in the stomach
Where does the gastroesophageal junction lie?
Below the diaphragm
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
Where does the left gastric artery lie?
Lesser curvature of the stomach
What does the left gastric artery supply?
Stomach
Where does the splenic artery lie?
Cranial border of pancreas
What does the splenic artery supply?
Spleen
Body and tail of pancreas
What 2 vessels does the splenic artery branch into?
Left gastroepiploic
Short gastric vessels
What 2 structures does the left gastroepliploic artery supply?
Greater curvature of stomach
Greater omentum
Where do the short gastric vessels lie?
Gastrosplenic ligament
What do the short gastric vessels supply?
Fundus of stomach
What 2 branches does the common hepatic artery branch into?
Proper hepatic artery
Gastroduodenal artery
What 2 branches does the gastroduodenal artery give off?
Right gastroepiploic artery
Right and left pancreaticoduodenal arteries
What 2 structures does the right gastroepiploic artery supply?
Stomach
Greater omentum
What 2 structures do the right and left pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply?
Duodenum
Head of pancreas
Where does the proper hepatic artery lie?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
What branches off from the proper hepatic artery?
Right gastric artery
Right and left hepatic arteries
What structure do the right and left hepatic arteries enter?
Liver
What branches off the right hepatic artery?
Cystic artery
What structure does the cystic artery supply?
Gallbladder
What is a portal system?
Connects 2 capillary beds
What 2 capillary beds does the portal vein connect?
Intestinal tract/pancreas/spleen/gallbladder
Liver
What 2 structures does the splenic vein drain?
Spleen
Pancreas
What 4 veins drain into the portal vein?
Superior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Left gastric (coronary) vein
Where do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves enter before innervating ab wall structures?
Celiac plexus
Where is the celiac plexus located?
T12-L1
Anterior surface of abdominal aorta
Sympathetic nerves enter celiac plexus through which nerves?
Splanchnics
Parasympathetics enter the celiac plexus via which nerves?
Vagus
What would you find inferior to the transversalis fascia?
Parietal peritoneum
