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Anatomy Quiz 4 > Upper GI > Flashcards

Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is within the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serous fluid

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2
Q

What is a double layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ and attaches it to a body wall?

A

Mesentery

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3
Q

What is made of double peritoneum and connects organs together?

A

Peritoneal ligaments

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4
Q

What are layers of peritoneum that connect the stomach to other organs?

A

Omenta

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5
Q

The peritoneal cavity is divided into 2 regions:

A

Greater sac

Lesser sac

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6
Q

What structure divides the greater sac into 2 regions?

A

Transverse mesocolon

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7
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the greater sac?

A

Supracolic (above transverse mesocolon)

Infracolic (below transverse mesocolon)

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8
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie?

A

Behind the stomach and lesser omentum

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9
Q

The retroperitoneal space is between what layers?

A

Posterior parietal peritoneum and posterior ab wall

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10
Q

What organ releases bile? What organ stores bile?

A

Releases- liver

Stores- gallbladder

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11
Q

How does bile become released from gallbladder?

A

When highly fatty meals enters duodenum, CCK is released which causes gallbladder to contract and release bile to mix with the chyme in the duodenum

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12
Q

Which part of the liver does the gallbladder touch?

A

Main portal fissure on the visceral surface of the liver

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13
Q

The right and left hepatic ducts merge to form which structure?

A

Common hepatic duct

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14
Q

What 3 regions make up the gallbladder?

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

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15
Q

What structure comes off the gallbladder at the neck?

A

Cystic duct

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16
Q

What structures within the neck of the gallbladder help it from kinking?

A

Spiral valves

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17
Q

What does the cystic duct join?

A

Common hepatic duct

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18
Q

What makes up the common bile duct?

A

Cystic duct

Common hepatic duct

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19
Q

True or false. The common bile duct passes posteriorly to the duodenum and anterior to the head of the pancreas.

A

False. It does travel posteriorly to the duodenum but it travels through the head of the pancreas

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20
Q

What does the common bile duct merge with?

A

Pancreatic duct

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21
Q

What portion of the duodenum does the common bile duct enter?

A

2nd portion

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22
Q

What do the common bile duct and pancreatic duct form?

A

Ampulla of vater

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23
Q

What controls the release of bile into the duodenum?

A

Sphincter of Odi

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24
Q

Where is the bile and pancreatic juices released into the duodenum?

A

Major duodenal papillae

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25
Q

What level does the pancreas lie?

A

L1-L2

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26
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas?

A

Nestled in the C curve of the duodenum

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27
Q

Where is the tail of the pancreas?

A

Against the spleen

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28
Q

What 5 regions comprise the pancreas?

A 
Head
Neck
Body
Tail
Uncinate process
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29
Q

Where does the uncinate process of the pancreas lie?

A

Posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels

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30
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

9th-11th ribs posteriorly

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31
Q

What are the 3 main ligaments that support the spleen?

A

Gastrosplenic
Splenorenal
Phrenicocolic

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32
Q

The gastrosplenic ligament connects what?

A

Greater curvature of stomach

Hilium of spleen

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33
Q

What two structures run through the gastrosplenic ligament?

A

Short gastric vessels

Left gastroepliploic vessels

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34
Q

Where is the splenorenal ligament?

A

Overlying kidneys

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35
Q

What runs through the splenorenal ligament?

A

Splenic vessels

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36
Q

What does the phrenicocolic ligament connect?

A

Splenic flexure of colon

Lateral border of diaphragm

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37
Q

What 4 structures are in the RUQ?

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Biliary tract
Duodenum

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38
Q

What 2 structures are in the LUQ?

A

Stomach

Spleen

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39
Q

What 2 structures are retroperitoneal?

A

Pancreas

Duodenum

40
Q

Where does the gallbladder sit?

A

Right below the costal margins

41
Q

What level is the umbilicus at?

A

L3-L4

42
Q

Where does the liver lie?

A

Inferior to right hemidiaphragm

43
Q

True or False. The liver is only part of the RUQ?

A

False. Part of it extends across the midline to the LUQ

44
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?

A

Diaphragmatic

Visceral

45
Q

What structure attaches the liver to the ab wall?

A

Falciform ligament

46
Q

What separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

47
Q

What forms the inferior margin of the falciform ligament and is an embryological remnant?

A

Ligamentum teres (umbilical vein)

48
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

The portal triad at the hilum of the liver

49
Q

What 3 structures run in the porta hepatis?

A

Proper hepatic artery
Portal vein
Common bile duct

50
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right
Left
Quadrate
Caudate

51
Q

Where is the quadrate lobe?

A

Next to gallbladder

52
Q

Where is the caudate lobe?

A

Next to the IVC

53
Q

The falciform ligament splits into what and where?

A

At the superior surface of liver splits into 2 coronary ligaments

54
Q

What is the bare area?

A

Part of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver that doesn’t have ligaments covering it

55
Q

What does the greater omentum connect?

A

Greater curvature of stomach and duodenum over small intestine and BACK under to the transverse colon

56
Q

What forms the left border of the greater omentum?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

57
Q

What two parts form the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatogastric ligament

Hepaduodenal ligament

58
Q

What does the hepatogastric ligament connect?

A

Lesser curvature of stomach to liver

59
Q

What 2 structures run in the hepatogastric ligament?

A

Right and left gastric vessels

Vagus nerve

60
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament connect?

A

Porta hepatis to duodenum

61
Q

What 3 structures run within the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Proper hepatic artery
Portal vein
Common bile duct

62
Q

True or False. The greater and lesser sacs are not continuous.

A

False. They are continuous at the epiploic foramen (of Winslow)

63
Q

What are the 5 regions of the stomach?

A 
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Antrum
Pylorus
64
Q

What part of the stomach does the esophagus meet?

A

Cardia

65
Q

What part of the stomach touches the left hemidiaphragm?

A

Fundus

66
Q

What part of the stomach comprises the majority of the organ?

A

Body

67
Q

What part of the stomach lies before the pylorus?

A

Antrum

68
Q

What part of the stomach has a sphincter that regulates contents into the duodenum?

A

Pylorus

69
Q

What are rugae?

A

Folds in the stomach

70
Q

Where does the gastroesophageal junction lie?

A

Below the diaphragm

71
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

72
Q

Where does the left gastric artery lie?

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach

73
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

Stomach

74
Q

Where does the splenic artery lie?

A

Cranial border of pancreas

75
Q

What does the splenic artery supply?

A

Spleen

Body and tail of pancreas

76
Q

What 2 vessels does the splenic artery branch into?

A

Left gastroepiploic

Short gastric vessels

77
Q

What 2 structures does the left gastroepliploic artery supply?

A

Greater curvature of stomach

Greater omentum

78
Q

Where do the short gastric vessels lie?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

79
Q

What do the short gastric vessels supply?

A

Fundus of stomach

80
Q

What 2 branches does the common hepatic artery branch into?

A

Proper hepatic artery

Gastroduodenal artery

81
Q

What 2 branches does the gastroduodenal artery give off?

A

Right gastroepiploic artery

Right and left pancreaticoduodenal arteries

82
Q

What 2 structures does the right gastroepiploic artery supply?

A

Stomach

Greater omentum

83
Q

What 2 structures do the right and left pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply?

A

Duodenum

Head of pancreas

84
Q

Where does the proper hepatic artery lie?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

85
Q

What branches off from the proper hepatic artery?

A

Right gastric artery

Right and left hepatic arteries

86
Q

What structure do the right and left hepatic arteries enter?

A

Liver

87
Q

What branches off the right hepatic artery?

A

Cystic artery

88
Q

What structure does the cystic artery supply?

A

Gallbladder

89
Q

What is a portal system?

A

Connects 2 capillary beds

90
Q

What 2 capillary beds does the portal vein connect?

A

Intestinal tract/pancreas/spleen/gallbladder

Liver

91
Q

What 2 structures does the splenic vein drain?

A

Spleen

Pancreas

92
Q

What 4 veins drain into the portal vein?

A

Superior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Left gastric (coronary) vein

93
Q

Where do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves enter before innervating ab wall structures?

A

Celiac plexus

94
Q

Where is the celiac plexus located?

A

T12-L1

Anterior surface of abdominal aorta

95
Q

Sympathetic nerves enter celiac plexus through which nerves?

A

Splanchnics

96
Q

Parasympathetics enter the celiac plexus via which nerves?

A

Vagus

97
Q

What would you find inferior to the transversalis fascia?

A

Parietal peritoneum

Anatomy Quiz 4 (4 decks)

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