Inguinal Region

Question 1

Why are hernias more common in inguinal region?

Answer 1

Abdominal wall is weaker here

Question 2

What comprises the inguinal ligament?

Answer 2

Infolding of inferior aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 3

What two structures does the inguinal ligament connect?

Answer 3

ASIS

Pubic tubercle

Question 4

Through what structure do the testes descend?

Answer 4

Inguinal canal

Question 5

What forms the inferior border of the inguinal canal?

Answer 5

Inguinal ligament

Question 6

What 2 structures form the superior border of the inguinal canal?

Answer 6

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Question 7

What forms the anterior border of the inguinal canal?

Answer 7

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 8

What 2 structures form the posterior border of the inguinal canal?

Answer 8

Transversalis fasica

Conjoint tendon

Question 9

What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?

Answer 9

Deep inguinal ring

Superficial inguinal ring

Question 10

Where is the deep opening of the inguinal canal?

Answer 10

Transversalis fascia

Question 11

Where is the superficial opening of the inguinal canal?

Answer 11

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 12

What lies within the inguinal canal in men?

Answer 12

Spermatic cord

Question 13

What lies within the inguinal canal in women?

Answer 13

Ligamentum teres

Question 14

What 3 layers of abdominal fascia do the testes descend through?

Answer 14

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversalis fascia

Question 15

What fascia does the external oblique form in spermatic cord?

Answer 15

External spermatic fascia

Question 16

What fascia does the internal oblique form in the spermatic cord?

Answer 16

Cremasteric muscle

Cremaster fascia

Question 17

What fascia does the transversus abdominis form in the spermatic cord?

Answer 17

Nothing!

Question 18

What fascia does the transversalis fascia form in the spermatic cord?

Answer 18

Internal spermatic fascia

Question 19

What fascia does the testes contact first when descending?

Answer 19

Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)

Question 20

What are the four major layers of the spermatic cord?

Answer 20

External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Processus vaginalis

Question 21

What 7 structures are located within the spermatic cord?

Answer 21

Vas deferens
Testicular artery
Artery of the Vas
Pampiniform plexus
Processus vaginalis
Genitofemoral nerve
Lymphatics

Question 22

Where does the pampiniform plexus lie?

Answer 22

Surrounds testicular artery

Question 23

What comprises the processus vaginalis?

Answer 23

Peritoneum

Question 24

Where does a direct hernia pass through?

Answer 24

Inguinal Triangle

Question 25

What makes up the borders of the inguinal triangle?

Answer 25

Inguinal ligament Inferior epigastric vessels/fold Rectus abdominis muscle/Semilunar line

Question 26

Which parts of the inguinal canal run through the inguinal triangle?

Answer 26

Most of inguinal canal itself | Superficial ring

Question 27

A direct hernia is medial or lateral to inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 27

Medial

Question 28

Where does an indirect hernia pass through?

Answer 28

Deep inguinal ring

Question 29

True or false. A direct hernia passes directly through the spermatic cord.

Answer 29

False. Indirect hernias travel within the spermatic cord

Question 30

Indirect hernias are found ___ to the inferior epigastric vessels.

Answer 30

Lateral

Question 31

Where do the testes originate during development?

Answer 31

Posterior abdominal cavity

Question 32

Testes descend ____ to the peritoneal cavity and processus vaginalis.

Answer 32

Posteriorly

Question 33

The ___ region of the processus vaginalis breaks off and forms the ______.

Answer 33

Distal | Tunica vaginalis

Question 34

What structure does the testes punch into during descent into scrotum?

Answer 34

Tunica vaginalis

Question 35

What two layers comprise the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 35

Posterior visceral layer | Anterolateral parietal layer

Question 36

Where do hydroceles form?

Answer 36

Between parietal and visceral tunica vaginalis layers

Question 37

What are the 2 ways the body regulates heat in testes?

Answer 37

- Pampiniform plexus takes heat out of testicular artery | - Cremaster muscle and smooth muscle in dartos fascia control distance testes are from the body

Question 38

What is the thick, fibrous layer directly covering the testes?

Answer 38

Tunica albuginea

Question 39

What are the layers covering the testes from inside--out?

Answer 39

``` Tunica albuginea Visceral tunica vaginalis Parietal tunica vaginalis Internal spermatic fascia Cremasteric muscle and fascia External spermatic fascia ```

Question 40

Where do the testicular arteries branch from?

Answer 40

Abdominal aorta

Question 41

Where do lymph vessels from the testes drain?

Answer 41

Para-aortic nodes

Question 42

Where do lymph vessels from the scrotum drain?

Answer 42

Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 43

What marks the inguinal region?

Answer 43

Junction of lower abdomen and upper, medial thigh