Inguinal Region Flashcards
Why are hernias more common in inguinal region?
Abdominal wall is weaker here
What comprises the inguinal ligament?
Infolding of inferior aponeurosis of external oblique
What two structures does the inguinal ligament connect?
ASIS
Pubic tubercle
Through what structure do the testes descend?
Inguinal canal
What forms the inferior border of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament
What 2 structures form the superior border of the inguinal canal?
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
What forms the anterior border of the inguinal canal?
Aponeurosis of external oblique
What 2 structures form the posterior border of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fasica
Conjoint tendon
What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?
Deep inguinal ring
Superficial inguinal ring
Where is the deep opening of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia
Where is the superficial opening of the inguinal canal?
Aponeurosis of external oblique
What lies within the inguinal canal in men?
Spermatic cord
What lies within the inguinal canal in women?
Ligamentum teres
What 3 layers of abdominal fascia do the testes descend through?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversalis fascia
What fascia does the external oblique form in spermatic cord?
External spermatic fascia
What fascia does the internal oblique form in the spermatic cord?
Cremasteric muscle
Cremaster fascia
What fascia does the transversus abdominis form in the spermatic cord?
Nothing!
What fascia does the transversalis fascia form in the spermatic cord?
Internal spermatic fascia
What fascia does the testes contact first when descending?
Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
What are the four major layers of the spermatic cord?
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Processus vaginalis
What 7 structures are located within the spermatic cord?
Vas deferens Testicular artery Artery of the Vas Pampiniform plexus Processus vaginalis Genitofemoral nerve Lymphatics
Where does the pampiniform plexus lie?
Surrounds testicular artery
What comprises the processus vaginalis?
Peritoneum
Where does a direct hernia pass through?
Inguinal Triangle
What makes up the borders of the inguinal triangle?
Inguinal ligament
Inferior epigastric vessels/fold
Rectus abdominis muscle/Semilunar line
Which parts of the inguinal canal run through the inguinal triangle?
Most of inguinal canal itself
Superficial ring
A direct hernia is medial or lateral to inferior epigastric vessels?
Medial
Where does an indirect hernia pass through?
Deep inguinal ring
True or false. A direct hernia passes directly through the spermatic cord.
False. Indirect hernias travel within the spermatic cord
Indirect hernias are found ___ to the inferior epigastric vessels.
Lateral
Where do the testes originate during development?
Posterior abdominal cavity
Testes descend ____ to the peritoneal cavity and processus vaginalis.
Posteriorly
The ___ region of the processus vaginalis breaks off and forms the ______.
Distal
Tunica vaginalis
What structure does the testes punch into during descent into scrotum?
Tunica vaginalis
What two layers comprise the tunica vaginalis?
Posterior visceral layer
Anterolateral parietal layer
Where do hydroceles form?
Between parietal and visceral tunica vaginalis layers
What are the 2 ways the body regulates heat in testes?
- Pampiniform plexus takes heat out of testicular artery
- Cremaster muscle and smooth muscle in dartos fascia control distance testes are from the body
What is the thick, fibrous layer directly covering the testes?
Tunica albuginea
What are the layers covering the testes from inside–out?
Tunica albuginea Visceral tunica vaginalis Parietal tunica vaginalis Internal spermatic fascia Cremasteric muscle and fascia External spermatic fascia
Where do the testicular arteries branch from?
Abdominal aorta
Where do lymph vessels from the testes drain?
Para-aortic nodes
Where do lymph vessels from the scrotum drain?
Superficial inguinal nodes
What marks the inguinal region?
Junction of lower abdomen and upper, medial thigh
