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Anatomy Quiz 4 > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the abdominal wall is more mobile?

A

Anterolateral

Posterior is more stable

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2
Q

What 3 structures make up the superior margin of the abdominal wall?

A

Xyphoid
Costal margin
Ribs 11 and 12

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3
Q

What makes up the posterior margin of the Ab wall?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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4
Q

What makes up the inferior margin of the Ab wall?

A

Superior part of the bony pelvis

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5
Q

What makes up the anterior margin of the Ab wall?

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

What is the linea terminalis?

A

Imaginary line dividing abdominal and pelvic cavities

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7
Q

What 3 structures make up the linea terminalis?

A

Pubic crest
Pectineal line on pubis
Arcuate line on ilium

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8
Q

What 3 bones make up the pelvis?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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9
Q

What 6 structures comprise the pelvic inlet?

A 
Sacral promontory (most superior)
Ala (wings) of sacrum
Arcuate line (most lateral)
Pectineal line
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis (most inferior)
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10
Q

The umbilicus is located at which vertebral level?

A

L3-L4

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11
Q

Which dermatome corresponds to the umbilicus?

A

T10

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12
Q

What is the medial plane?

A

Separates quadrants into right and left

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13
Q

What is the transumbilical plane?

A

Separates quadrants into upper and lower

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14
Q

What region does epigastric refer to?

A

Anything above the umbilicus

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15
Q

What region does suprapubic refer to?

A

Anything between pubic bone and umbilicus

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16
Q

What region does periumbilical refer to?

A

Anything around the umbilicus

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17
Q

Where is McBurney’s Point?

A

2/3 from umbilicus to ASIS

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18
Q

What 2 structures can be palpated at McBurney’s Point?

A

Cecum

Appendix

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19
Q

What forms the medial border of the rectus sheath?

A

Linea alba

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20
Q

What forms the lateral border of the rectus sheath?

A

Semilunar line

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21
Q

What forms the horizontal indentations in a six pack?

A

Tendinuous intersections

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22
Q

What forms the middle longitudinal line in a six pack?

A

Linea alba

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23
Q

What forms the side longitudinal lines in a six pack?

A

Semilunar lines

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24
Q

What form the penis lines in a six pack?

A

Inguinal ligaments

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25
Q

What forms the boundary between the Ab wall and thigh?

A

Inguinal ligaments

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26
Q

True or false. The abdominal fascia is consistent throughout the entire Ab wall.

A

False. It is different between the upper and lower abdomen

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27
Q

What are the layers of the fascia in the upper ab wall?

A

Skin
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
Muscle

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28
Q

What are the layers of the fascia in the lower abdomen?

A 
Skin
Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia
Deep fascia
Muscle
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29
Q

What is the superficial fascia divided into in the lower abdomen?

A

Camper’s fascia- fatty

Scarpa’s fascia- membranous

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30
Q

Both the fatty and membranous layers of the superficial fascia of the lower abdomen extend inferiorly into which 2 regions?

A

Pubic

Perineal

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31
Q

The pubic and perineal regions contain which layers of the superficial fascia of the lower abdomen?

A

BOTH fatty and membranous

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32
Q

True or False. Both fatty and membranous superficial fascia layers in the lower abdomen descend inferiorly into the thighs.

A

False. Fatty layer DOES descend into thighs but membranous layer STOPS and fuses with fascia lata of thigh.

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33
Q

What comprises the fascia lata?

A

Membranous Scarpa’s fascia of the lower abdomen

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34
Q

If blood or fluid accumulates below Scarpa’s fascia, would you expect it to accumulate in the pelvic, perineal or thigh regions?

A

Pelvic and perineal only

Scarpa’s fascia stops and becomes fascia lata in the thigh

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35
Q

What are the 4 major ab muscles?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

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36
Q

Which ab muscles are considered flank muscles?

A

Ext. Ob
Int. Ob
Trans abdominis

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37
Q

Which ab muscle is most medial?

A

Rectus ab

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38
Q

Which ab muscles form aponeuroses?

A

Ext ob
Int ob
Trans ab

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39
Q

What is the rectus ab sheathed by?

A

Aponeuroses of Ext, Int and Trans

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40
Q

The external oblique is a continuation of which muscle?

A

External intercostal

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41
Q

What are the orientation of the fibers of ext ob?

A

Hands in pockets ////////

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42
Q

Where does the ext ob start forming aponeurosis?

A

Semilunar line

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43
Q

What is the most lateral and medial border of the ext ob aponeurosis?

A

Lateral- semilunar line

Medial- linea alba

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44
Q

What comprises the inguinal ligament? What 2 structures does it attach to?

A

Inferior edge of the rectus sheath which folds in on itself and attaches to ASIS and pubic tubercle

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45
Q

What is the orientation of int ob fibers?

A

90* to ext ob fibers \\\\

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46
Q

Where does the int ob originate from?

A

Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament

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47
Q

What is the orientation of trans ab fibers?

A

Horizontal =

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48
Q

Where does the trans ab originate?

A

Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

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49
Q

There is a larger gap between the inguinal ligament and which muscle?

A

Trans ab

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50
Q

What is the orientation of the rectus ab fibers?

A

Vertical |||||

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51
Q

What surrounds the rectus ab?

A

Rectus sheath

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52
Q

How does the rectus sheath connect to the rectus ab?

A

Tendinuous intersections

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53
Q

What comprises the rectus sheath?

A

Aponeuroses of ext ob, int ob, trans ab

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54
Q

True or False. The rectus sheath is NOT continuous.

A

True! It is separated into upper and lower parts by the arcuate line

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55
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

Separation of the rectus sheath into upper and lower halves

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56
Q

What comprises the rectus sheath anterior to the rectus ab and superior to arcuate line?

A

External oblique

1/2 internal oblique

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57
Q

What comprises the rectus sheath posterior to the rectus ab and superior to arcuate line?

A

1/2 internal oblique

Trans ab

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58
Q

What comprises the rectus sheath anterior to the rectus ab and inferior to arcuate line?

A

All 3 aponeuroses: ext ob, int ob, trans ab

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59
Q

What comprises the rectus sheath posterior to the rectus ab and inferior to arcuate line?

A

NO aponeuroses

Just transversalis fascia

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60
Q

What are the 3 layers of fascia BELOW the rectus ab inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fascia
Parietal peritoneum

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61
Q

What 2 regions does the extraperitoneal fascia divide into?

A

Preperitoneal- anterior

Retroperitoneal- posterior

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62
Q

What 4 nerves innervate the ab wall?

A

Lower intercostals
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal

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63
Q

All 4 ab wall nerves are:

A

Ventral rami

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64
Q

Lower intercostal nerves originate where?

A

T7-T11

65
Q

Subcostal nerve originates where?

A

T12

66
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve originates where?

A

L1

67
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve originates where?

A

L1

68
Q

True or false. The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves originate from the same location and are branches of the same nerve.

A

True! Both originate at L1 and are branches of the same ventral ramus

69
Q

What dermatome marks the region inferior to xyphoid and above umbilicus?

A

T7

70
Q

What dermatome marks the umbilicus region?

A

T10

71
Q

What dermatome marks the suprapubic region?

A

T12

72
Q

What dermatome marks the upper medial thigh and genitalia region?

A

L1

73
Q

What are the 2 important artery pathways that supply the ab wall?

A

Descending aorta

Epigastric

74
Q

What 4 arteries branch from abdominal descending aorta?

A

Posterior intercostal
Subcostal
2 common iliacs

75
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries travel where?

A

Between ribs

76
Q

Subcostal arteries travel where?

A

Below the 12th rib

77
Q

What arteries travel between int ob and trans ab?

A

Posterior intercostal

Subcostal

78
Q

What arteries supply the flank muscles? (E, I, T)

A

Posterior intercostal

Subcostal

79
Q

True or False. The posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries travel together to supply the same muscles.

A

False. They travel separately (between ribs or below 12th rib) but within the same region (between int ob and trans ab).

80
Q

There are how many branches of the common iliac?

A

2

81
Q

Common iliac branches into which arteries?

A

External iliac

Internal iliac

82
Q

The femoral artery comes from which artery?

A

External iliac

83
Q

The femoral artery supplies the?

A

Thigh

84
Q

The internal iliac arteries supply the?

A

Pelvis

85
Q

The internal thoracic artery splits into which 2 arteries?

A

Musculophrenic

Superior epigastric

86
Q

True or false. The superior epigastric artery enters the rectus sheath.

A

True! It enters rectus sheath superiorly on the ab wall

87
Q

What arteries supply the rectus ab muscles?

A

Superior epigastric

Inferior epigastric

88
Q

What arteries supply the int ob?

A

Subcostal and posterior intercostal

89
Q

What arteries supply the ext ob?

A

Subcostal and posterior intercostal

90
Q

What arteries supply the trans ab?

A

Subcostal and posterior intercostal

91
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery enter the rectus sheath?

A

Enters inferiorly on ab wall

92
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery branch from?

A

External iliac artery

93
Q

What are the 2 sets of veins draining the ab wall?

A

Superficial

Deep

94
Q

The superficial veins are also known as the?

A

Thoracoepigastric veins

95
Q

What do the thoracoepigastric veins drain?

A

Superficial fascia

96
Q

Where do the thoracoepigastric veins drain superiorly?

A

Axilla veins

97
Q

Where do the thoracoepigastric veins drain inferiorly?

A

Groin veins

98
Q

Where do the thoracoepigastric veins drain medially?

A

Umbilicus veins

99
Q

What are the deep veins also called?

A

Same names as the arteries

100
Q

What do the deep veins drain?

A

Muscle

Deep tissue

101
Q

Where do the deep veins drain superiorly?

A

Subclavian vein

102
Q

Where do the deep veins drain inferiorly?

A

External iliac veins

Femoral veins

103
Q

Where do deep veins drain posteriorly?

A

IVC

Azygos vein

104
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the lymphatic vessels?

A

Superficial

Deep

105
Q

Where do the superficial lymphatic vessels travel?

A

With veins superiorly and inferiorly

106
Q

Where do the superficial lymph vessels drain superiorly?

A

Axilla nodes

107
Q

Where do the superficial lymph vessels drain inferiorly?

A

Groin nodes

108
Q

Where do deep lymph nodes drain?

A

To nodes along major vessels –> cisterna chyli –> thoracic duct

109
Q

What carries oxygenated blood to fetus?

A

Umbilical vein

110
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Fold of parietal peritoneum over the umbilical vein

111
Q

What carries deoxygenated blood from fetus?

A

Umbilical arteries

112
Q

Where do umbilical arteries branch from?

A

Internal iliac arteries

113
Q

What does the umbilical vein form when it closes?

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis

114
Q

What is the ligamentum teres hepatis made of?

A

Fibrous remnant of umbilical vein

Fold of peritoneum

115
Q

What do the umbilical arteries form after they close?

A

Medial umbilical folds

116
Q

What does the allantois form?

A

Urachus

117
Q

Where does the urachus run?

A

Bladder to umbilicus

118
Q

What does the urachus form?

A

Median umbilical fold

119
Q

Where do medial umbilical folds come from?

A

Umbilical arteries

120
Q

Where does median umbilical fold come from?

A

Urachus

121
Q

What two folds are found in the peritoneum?

A

Medial umbilical folds

Lateral umbilical folds

122
Q

Where do lateral umbilical folds come from?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

123
Q

Where do inferior epigastric vessels travel between?

A

Transversalis fascia and peritoneum

124
Q

Where do the inferior epigastric vessels pierce through rectus sheath at?

A

Inferiorly at deep surface of rectus abdominis

125
Q

What 2 parts is the abdominal wall divided into?

A

Anterolateral

Posterior

126
Q

A pain within the skin of the abdominal wall is sensed by which nerves?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Iliohypgastric

127
Q

After a car accident, a patient presents with abdominal pain and internal bleeding within the peritoneal cavity. Which nerves could be sensing this pain?

A

Nerves sensing parietal peritoneum:
Intercostals
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric

128
Q

Which nerves provide motor function to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal

129
Q

A gash to the medial thigh causes pain that would be sensed by which nerve?

A

Ilioinguinal

130
Q

A swift kick to the scrotum would cause pain that might travel via which two nerves?

A

Ilioinguinal

Genitofemoral

131
Q

If the temperature drops outside and a man gets cold, his testes will rise upward toward his body to conserve heat. This action is controlled by which nerve?

A

Genitofemoral

132
Q

What are the two sympathetic nerves that sense abdominal pain in organs?

A

Thoracic splanchnics- greater, lesser, least

Lumbar splanchnics

133
Q

Which sympathetic nerves provide motor innervation to organs and blood vessels in the foregut and midgut?

A

Thoracic splanchnics- greater, lesser, least

134
Q

Which sympathetic nerves provide motor innervation to the organs and abdominal blood vessels in the hindgut?

A

Lumbar splanchnics

135
Q

What two parasympathetic nerves carry sensory information from abdominal viscera?

A

Vagus

Pelvic splanchnics

136
Q

Which nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to foregut and midgut organs?

A

Vagus

137
Q

Which nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut and pelvic organs?

A

Pelvic splanchnics

138
Q

Where does the rectus abdominis originate?

A

Pubic symphysis and crest

139
Q

Where does the rectus abdominis insert?

A

Costal margin and ribs

Xyphoid process

140
Q

What innervates the rectus abdominis?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Ilioinguinal
Iliohypogastric

141
Q

What two functions does the rectus abdominis have?

A

Flexes trunk

Supports abdominal contents

142
Q

Where does the external oblique originate?

A

Lower Ribs

143
Q

Where does the external oblique insert?

A

Iliac crest
Linea alba
Pubic tubercle

144
Q

What innervates the external oblique?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Ilioinguinal
Iliohypogastric

145
Q

What 3 functions does the external oblique have?

A

Flexes trunk
Rotates trunk to the opposite side
Compresses abdominal contents

146
Q

What muscles would help rotate the trunk to the right?

A

Left external oblique

Right internal oblique

147
Q

What muscles would help the trunk rotate to the left?

A

Right external oblique

Left internal oblique

148
Q

Where does the internal oblique originate?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Inguinal ligament

149
Q

Where does the internal oblique insert?

A

Lower ribs
Linea alba
Pubic crest

150
Q

What innervates the internal oblique?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Ilioinguinal
Iliohypogastric

151
Q

What 3 actions does the internal oblique have?

A

Flexes trunk
Rotates trunk to same side
Compresses abdominal contents

152
Q

Where does the transversus abdominis originate?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Inguinal ligament

153
Q

Where does the transversus abdominis insert?

A

Linea alba

Pubic crest

154
Q

What innervates the transversus abdominis?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Ilioinguinal
Iliohypogastric

155
Q

What does the transversus abdominis do?

A

Compresses abdominal contents

156
Q

Where does the cremaster muscle originate?

A

Internal oblique

157
Q

Where does the cremaster muscle insert?

A

Surrounds testes

158
Q

What innervates the cremaster muscle?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

159
Q

What does the cremaster muscle do?

A

Raises testes

Anatomy Quiz 4 (4 decks)

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