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Anatomy Quiz 4 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does the gut tube form?

A

During lateral and longitudinal folding

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2
Q

What are the 3 regions formed from the gut tube?

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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3
Q

Where does the oropharyngeal membrane located?

A

Foregut

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4
Q

What region of the gut tube does the yolk sac remained connected to?

A

Midgut

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5
Q

Which region of the gut tube is the cloacal membrane?

A

Hindgut

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6
Q

What is the allantois?

A

Diverticulum from the hindgut that bulges into the connecting stalk

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7
Q

What is the gut tube surrounded by?

A

Visceral lateral plate mesoderm

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8
Q

What structures will the gut tube eventually form?

A

Epithelial lining of guts and organs

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9
Q

What does the visceral lateral plate mesoderm surrounding gut tube eventually form?

A

Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

True or False. Initially the gut tube is disconnected from the dorsal body wall.

A

False. It is connected by the dorsal mesentery

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11
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum

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12
Q

True or False. Dorsal mesentery is just 2 layers of peritoneum.

A

False. It is, but there are vessels and nerves running between the layers as well.

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13
Q

Which regions of the gut does the dorsal mesentery remain in?

A

All 3: foregut, midgut, hindgut

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14
Q

What portion of the gut tube does the ventral mesentery form from?

A

Foregut

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15
Q

What structure forms the ventral mesentery?

A

Septum Transversum

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16
Q

What two structures form from the ventral mesentery?

A

Lesser omentum

Falciform ligament

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17
Q

Dorsal mesentery connects what to what?

A

Gut tube to dorsal wall

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18
Q

Intraperitoneal organs are:

A

Suspended in the abdominal cavity by a mesentery

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19
Q

True or False. Retroperitoneal organs are not covered by peritoneum.

A

False. They have peritoneum on their anterior surface only

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20
Q

What is the difference between a primarily and secondarily retroperitoneal organ?

A

Primarily- was never enclosed by a mesentery

Secondarily- was at one point enclosed by mesentery

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21
Q

True or False. The esophagus is entirely intraperitoneal.

A

False. The thoracic esophagus is retroperitoneal but the abdominal esophagus is intraperitoneal.

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22
Q

True or False. The entire colon is intraperitoneal.

A

False. The transverse and sigmoid colons are intraperitoneal but the ascending and descending colons are secondarily retroperitoneal.

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23
Q

What 4 structures are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Pancreas
Duodenum
Ascending colon
Descending colon

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24
Q

The aorta and IVC are intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Primarily retroperitoneal

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25
The rectum is intra or retroperitoneal?
Subperitoneal
26
Which arteries supply the foregut?
Celiac Trunk
27
Which artery supplies the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
28
What artery supplies the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
29
What nerves innervate the foregut? Where do they originate and which ganglion are they associated with?
Greater splanchnic T5-T9 Celiac ganglion
30
What nerves innervate the midgut? Where do they originate and which ganglion are they associated with?
Lesser and least splanchnic T10-T12 Superior mesenteric ganglion
31
What nerves innervate the hindgut? Where do they originate and which ganglion are they associated with?
Lumbar splanchnics L1-L2 Inferior mesenteric ganglion
32
Which parasympathetic nerve supplies the foregut?
Vagus
33
Which parasympathetic nerve supplies the midgut?
Vagus
34
Which parasympathetic nerve supplies the hindgut?
Pelvic splanchnics | S2-S4
35
Which gut tube forms pharynx?
Foregut
36
Which gut tube forms the lower respiratory system?
Foregut
37
Which gut tube forms esophagus?
Foregut
38
Which gut tube forms stomach?
Foregut
39
Which gut tube forms proximal 1/3 duodenum?
Foregut
40
Which gut tube forms liver?
Foregut
41
Which gut tube forms galbladder?
Foregut
42
Which gut tube forms pancreas?
Foregut
43
What structure does the stomach bud off from?
Caudal foregut
44
What forms the greater curvature of the stomach?
Dorsal border of foregut
45
What forms the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Ventral border of caudal foregut
46
The right and left vagus nerves form what?
Right- posterior vagal trunk | Left- anterior vagal trunk
47
Where does the fundus of the stomach move during rotation?
Left and inferiorly
48
Where does the pyloris of the stomach move during rotation?
Right and superiorly
49
The spaces within the peritoneal cavity develop from which 2 events?
Stomach rotation | Formation of greater and lesser omentum
50
Which germ layer forms the spleen?
Mesoderm
51
From what does the spleen form?
Dorsal mesentery of stomach
52
Where does the liver develop?
In the ventral mesentery
53
Development of the liver separates which 2 structures?
Falciform ligament | Lesser omentum
54
Where does the stomach develop?
Dorsal mesentery
55
Development of the stomach splits the dorsal mesentery into which 2 structures?
Splenorenal ligament | Gastrosplenic ligament
56
Where does the lesser sac form?
Posterior to stomach
57
From what do the greater and lesser omenta form?
Greater- dorsal mesentery | Lesser- ventral mesentery
58
During what event does the duodenum form?
Stomach rotation
59
What part of the duodenum forms from the foregut?
Proximal 1/3
60
Around what structure might you find the duodenum?
Head of the pancreas
61
True or False. The proximal region of the duodenum is retroperitoneal.
True
62
From which two structures does the pancreas form?
Ventral pancreatic bud | Dorsal pancreatic bud
63
The ventral pancreatic bud forms which part of the pancreas?
Uncinate process
64
The dorsal pancreatic bud forms which part of the pancreas?
Tail
65
Where do the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds bud off from?
Ventral- bile duct/ventral mesentery | Dorsal- dorsal mesentery
66
From what does the liver form?
Hepatic diverticulum
67
The hepatic diverticulum is an outgrowth of which structure?
Ventral foregut
68
What structure does the liver bud into?
Septum transversum
69
From what does the gallbladder form from?
Bile Duct
70
What part of the gut tube forms the small intestine (except 1st and 2nd part of duodenum)?
Midgut
71
Which part of the gut tube forms cecum?
Midgut
72
Which part of the gut tube forms appendix?
Midgut
73
Which part of the gut tube forms ascending colon?
Midgut
74
Which part of the gut tube forms proximal 2/3 of transverse colon?
Midgut
75
The midgut loop has 2 ends:
Cranial and caudal
76
Which structures will the cranial and caudal ends of the midgut loop eventually form?
Cranial- small intestine | Caudal- large intestine
77
The apex of the midgut loop connects to the yolk sac via which structure?
Vitelline duct
78
During development, which structure herniates into the umbilical cord, and why?
Midgut loop | Because abdominal cavity isn't growing fast enough
79
The midgut loop undergoes 2 rotations. The first is?
90* around superior mesenteric artery Cranial end goes right Caudal end goes left
80
Where does the cecal bud form?
Caudal end of midgut loop
81
The second rotation of the midgut loop is?
180* counterclockwise and retraction back into ab cavity Cranial retracts first and goes left Caudal retracts and goes right
82
True or False. The vitelline duct remains after development.
False. It regresses and disappears after intestines have been placed.
83
Which two regions of the colon are secondarily retroperitoneal?
Ascending | Descending
84
Which part of the gut tube forms the distal 1/3 of transverse colon?
Hindgut
85
Which part of the gut tube forms descending colon?
Hindgut
86
Which part of the gut tube forms sigmoid colon?
Hindgut
87
Which part of the gut tube forms rectum?
Hindgut
88
Which germ layer forms the gut tube?
Endoderm

Anatomy Quiz 4 (4 decks)

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