Upper G.I.

Question 1

Choleliths

Answer 1

Gallstones

Question 2

Cholelithiasis

Answer 2

Condition of having gallstones

Question 3

Cholecystitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 4

Cholecystectomy

Answer 4

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

Question 5

Achalasia (Cardiospasm)

Answer 5

A motor disorder of the esophagus in which peristalsis is reduced along the distal two-thirds of the esophagus. (Absence of the ability to relax (esophagus restricting))

Question 6

Esophageal Varices

Answer 6

Characterized by dilation of the veins in the wall of distal esophagus (“wormlike” or “cobblestone”) (recumbent or trendelenberg)

Question 7

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (Esophageal Reflux)

Answer 7

The entry of gastric contents into the esophagus, irritating the lining of the esophagus (Heartburn)

Question 8

Zenker Diverticulum

Answer 8

Characterized by a large outpouching of the esophagus just above the upper esophageal sphincter. (The patient may experience dysphagia, aspiration, and regurgitation of food eaten hours earlier) (Diverticulum (Outpounding)) (Decubitus)

Question 9

Bezoar

Answer 9

A mass of undigested material that becomes trapped in the stomach. (Specific terms for bezoars include trichobezoar, made up of hair, and phytobezoar, which is ingested vegetable fiber or seeds)

Question 10

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 10

A condition in which a portion of the stomach herniated through the diaphragmatic opening. (AP Trendelenburg)

Question 11

Sliding Hiatal Hernia

Answer 11

A second type of hiatal hernia that caused by weakening of a small muscle (esophageal sphincter) located between the terminal esophagus and the diaphragm (Schatzki’s Ring).