Chest

Question 1

Atelectasis

Answer 1

A condition rather than a disease in which collapse of all or a portion of a lung occurs as the result of obstruction of the bronchus or puncture or “blowout” of an air passageway. (Radiodense)

Question 2

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 2

The most common of inherited diseases, is a condition in which secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive “clogging” of bronchi and bronchioles. (Radiodense)

Question 3

Emphysema

Answer 3

An irreversible and chronic lung disease in which air spaces in the alveoli become greatly enlarged as a result of alveolar wall destruction and loss of alveolar elasticity. (Radiolucent) (Barrel Chest)

Question 4

Benign

Answer 4

A hamartoma is the most common benign pulmonary mass, and it generally is found in peripheral regions of the lungs. (Radiopaque)

Question 5

Malignant

Answer 5

Many types of lung cancers have been identified and more than 90% start in the bronchi. Many cancers, such as breast, colon, prostate, start everywhere in the body before spreading to the lungs as pulmonary metastases. (Radiopaque)

Question 6

Pleural Effusion (Hydrothorx)

Answer 6

A condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. (Affected side down on a lateral decubitus)

Question 7

Empyema (Type of Pleural Effusion)

Answer 7

Occurs when the fluid is pus. Empyema may be caused by chest wounds, obstruction of bronchi, or ruptured lung abscess. It may develop when pneumonia or a lung abscess spreads into the pleural space. (Affected side down on a lateral decubitus)

Question 8

Hemothorax (Type of Pleural Effusion)

Answer 8

Occurs when the fluid is blood. A common cause of right-sided or bilateral pleural effusion is congestive heart failure. Causes of left-sided effusion include trauma, pulmonary infarction, pancreatitis, and subphrenic abscess. (Affected side down on a lateral decubitus)

Question 9

Pneumonia

Answer 9

A inflammation of the lungs the results in accumulation of fluid within certain sections of the lungs, creating increased radiodensities in these regions.

Question 10

Aspiration Pneumonia

Answer 10

Caused by aspiration of a foreign object or food into the lungs, which irritates the bronchi, resulting in edema.

Question 11

Bronchopneumonia

Answer 11

Bronchitis of both lungs that most commonly is caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria.

Question 12

Lobar Pneumonia

Answer 12

Generally is confined to one or two lobes of the lungs.

Question 13

Viral (Interstitial) Pneumonia

Answer 13

Inflammation of the alveoli and connecting lung structures. It most commonly is evident as increased radiodensities in the region surrounding the hila.

Question 14

Pneumothorax

Answer 14

An accumulation of air in the pleural space the causes partial or complete collapse of the lung and results in immediate and severe shortness of breath and chest pain. (Affected side up on a lateral decubitus)

Question 15

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 15

A condition of excess fluid within the lung that most frequently is caused by a backup in pulmonary circulation commonly associated with congestive heart failure. (Horizontal beam)

Question 16

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Answer 16

An emergent condition in which the alveoli and capillaries of the lung are injured or infected, resulting in leakage of fluid and blood into the spaces between alveoli or into the alveoli themselves with formation of hyaline membranes.

Question 17

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 17

A contagious disease time (potentially fatal) that is caused by airborne bacteria. (Lordotic view)

Question 18

Primary Tuberculosis

Answer 18

Refers to TB that occurs in persons who have never had the disease before. Hilar enlargement, along with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, is an important indicator of primary TB.

Question 19

Reactivation (Secondary) tuberculosis

Answer 19

Usually develops in adults and generally is first evident on radiography bilaterally in the upper lobes as irregular calcifications that are mottled in appearance.