Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

-reflux of stomach content
causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications
-Chest pain, Cough
Throat clearing, Sore throat
Hoarseness, Globus
-Dx: Empiric trial of acid suppression, abnormal pH study, erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, peptic stricture
-Upper endoscopy

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2
Q

GERD management

A

-PPI: 30-60 min before meals (omeprazole (Prilosec, Prilosec OTC, Zegerid)
lansoprazole (Prevacid)
pantoprazole (Protonix)
rabeprazole (Aciphex)
esomeprazole (Nexium)
dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
-Histamine 2 blockers (Famotidine (Pepcid AC, Pepcid Oral, Zantac 360)
Cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB)
Nizatidine Capsules)
-Surgery option
-HOB elevation
-Tobacco cessation
-Wt loss
-Avoid eating before laying down

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3
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus

A

Esophageal squamous epithelial lining replaced by columnar epithelium extending ≥ 1cm above the gastroesophageal junction AND histological evidence of specialized IM

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4
Q

Achalasia

A

Myenteric plexus degeneration resulting in aperistalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

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5
Q

Scleroderma

A

-diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin. It may also cause problems in the blood vessels, internal organs and digestive tract
-Rheumatology and GI consult
-LES-wide open and relaxed

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6
Q

Mallory-Weiss Tear

A

-Long tears in the distal esophagus/proximal stomach. Found with forceful retching . Submucosal arteries bleed
-Hematemesis with epigastric or back pain
-Suspect with upper GI bleed and history of retching
-EGD

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7
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

A

-Causes: Helicobactor pylori: Duodenal ulcer>Gastric. NSAIDs: Gastric ulcer>Duodenal ulcer
-Dyspepsia-burning, hunger pain, epigastric, affected by food and antacids
-Dx: Endoscopy, upper GI barium less sensitive

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8
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Herniation of abdominal contents through esophageal hiatus
-Most asymptomatic
GERD symptoms
Dysphagia
Early satiety
-Surgical repair for selected patients
GERD treatment

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9
Q

Gastritis

A

-Inflammation with mucosal injury
-Diagnosed by EGD with biopsy

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10
Q

Celiacs

A

-Immune disorder triggered by gliadin component of gluten
-Inflammatory state of small bowel

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