Lymphomas Flashcards
Functions of the Lymphatic system
-Maintain fluid levels
-Houses immune system
-Absorb digestive tract fats
-Removing cellular waste
Lymphatic vessels
-Low pressure, one-way valved, c/ collecting ducts that empty into thoracic duct-subclavian vein-blood stream
Lymphatic Fluid
-Contains extracellular fluid, nutrients, damaged cells, foreign invaders, WBCS…
Spleen
-Largest lymphatic organ
-Filters and stores blood and provokes WBC
-B and T cell
Thymus
Matures T cells
Tonsils and adenoids
trap pathogens from food and air
Bone marrow
hematopoiesis: produce WBC, platelets, RBCs
Peyer’s Patches
-Patches of lymphoid tissue in mucous membranes of small intenstine
Appendix
-Protects intestines from bacteria prior to absorption and housing ‘good bacteria’
Lymphadenopathy
-swollen nodes
-Infection (strep, mono, HIV, skin wounds)
-Inflammation (lymphadenitis)
-Anything >1cm or palpable
-Persistent x2 weeks
Lymphedema
-Fluid accumulation from block due to scar tissue or removal via surgery/radiation
-Can be painful or disfiguring and risk infection
Cancer can be non-lymphatic or lymphatic
Supraclavicular Node: Virchow’s Node
-Metastatic gastric cancer
Lymphoma
-Rubbery, conglomerate, non-tender, fixed
-Lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
-B symptoms
-Symptoms related to organ involvement (SVC syndrome, abd pain, nerve compression, bone marrow)
-Most
B symptoms
-Cyclical, nocturnal fevers
-Drenching night sweats
-Weight loss >10%
-Fatigue
SVC syndrome
venous distension, facial swelling, distended neck veins, cough, dyspnea, orthopnea, UE swelling, collaterals
Lymphatic system work up
-CBC (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis-smear, flow cytometry)
-CMP (hypercalcemia)
-Increased LDH
-Increased ESR
-PET-CT
-Biopsy (excesional>core>FNA)
-Bone marrow biopsy
Reed sternberg cells
-Hodgkin lymphoma
B cell lymphoma
malignant B-cells frozen at particular stage of differentiation due to DNA damage (toxins, random, immune supp…); different types of lymphoma cells will have different cytologic features, protein markers
T cells
move to thymus to mature before moving to lymph tissue to function in inflammatory response, mediate direct cytotoxicity against virus or cancer infected cells, or assist B-cells;
Hematopoiesis
-The formation of blood cellular components-to produce and replenish the blood system.
-Occurs within the hematopoietic system-includes organs, tissues such as the bone marrow, liver and spleen
