Upper Extremity: The Shoulder Region Flashcards
The ability of the scapula to place the glenoid fossa in the best position for the humeral head as the arm moves.
Scapulohumeral rhythm
Factors that cause scapulohumeral rhythm to vary:
age, activity, load, speed
The ________ ______ suspends the upper extremity from the axial skeleton
shoulder girdle
What is the sole skeletal connection between the upper extremity and the trunk?
The Sternoclavicular joint
The acromioclavicular joint connects which structures?
acromion process (of the scapula) and the clavicle
AC Joint classification
Diarthrodial, irregular
Ligaments that strengthen the AC joint
Acromioclavicular ligament (superior), aponeurosis of trapezius and deltoid muscles (posterior), coracoclavicular ligaments (clavicle to coracoid process)
The sternoclavicular joint connects which structures?
Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of the first rib
SC joint classification
Double arthrodial (2 joint cavities)
Ligaments that limit the clavicle in the SC joint
Anterior SC, Posterior SC, Interclavicular (downward motion), Costoclavicular (elevation, protraction, retraction)
True or False: Every movement of the scapula involves motion in both the AC joint and the SC joint
True
Movements of the scapula
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward and downward rotation, anterior/posterior tilt
An upward movement of the scapula, with the vertebral border remaining approximately parallel to the spinal column
Elevation
The return from the position of elevation
Depression
A lateral movement of the scapula away from the spinal column with the vertebral border remaining approximately parallel to it
Abduction/protraction
A medial movement of the scapula toward the spinal column combined with a reduction of lateral tilt
Adduction/retraction
A rotation of the scapula in the frontal plane so that the glenoid fossa faces somewhat upward
Upward rotation
The return from the position of upward rotation
Downward rotation
A turning of the scapula on its mediolateral axis so that the posterior surface faces slightly upward and the inferior angle protrudes from the back
Anterior tilt
A tipping of the posterior surface slightly downward and forward.
Posterior tilt
Anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle
Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius
Posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle
levator scapulae, rhomboids, trapezius (4 parts)
Pectoralis major actions
Downward rotation, anterior tilt, depression, abduction/protraction and lateral tilt
Serratus Anterior actions
Abduction, abduction/protraction (lat. tilt)
Subclavius actions
Depression
Subclavius main function:
protect and stabilize SC joint
Levator Scapulae actions
Elevation, downward rotation
Rhomboids actions
Downward rotation, adduction, elevation
The rhomboids work with part _ of the trapezius for good shoulder posture
3
Trapezius Part 1 actions
elevation
Trapezius Part 2 actions
elevation, upward rotation, adduction
Trapezius Part 3 actions
adduction
Trapezius Part 4 actions
Upward rotation, depression, adduction
The shoulder joint connects which structures?
Humeral head and glenoid fossa of the scapula
What kind of joint is the shoulder joint?
ball-and-socket joint
What does the glenoid labrum do?
The glenoid labrum is the fibercartilage of the glenoid fossa that deepns the fossa and cushions it against the impact of the humeral head in forceful movements.
What are the three ligamentous reinforcements of the shoulder joint?
coracohumeral, glenohumeral, and coracoarcomial
What are the three muscular reinforcements of the shoulder joint?
supraspinatus, bicep, tricep, subscapularis, pectoralis major, teres major, infraspinatus, teres minor
Movements of the shoulder joint
Flexion, hyperflexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, external/internal rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction, circumduction.
Anterior muscles of the shoulder joint
Pectoralis minor, corarobrachialis, subscapularis, biceps brachii
Posterior muscles of the shoulder joint
Infraspinatus, teres minor
Superior muscles of the shoulder joint
Deltoid, supraspinatus
Inferior muscles of the shoulder joint
Latissimus dorsi, teres major, triceps brachii
Clavicular portion of the pectoralis major movements:
flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation, (abduction 110 degrees)
Sternal portion of the pectoralis major movements
Downward and forward movements, internal rotation w/ adduction
Coracobrachialis movements
Horizontal adduction
Biceps brachii movements
flexion and abduction (with resistance, horizontal adduction, internal rotation
Anterior deltoid movements
All forward movements, internal rotation
Middle deltoid movement
ABDUCTOR
Posterior deltoid movements
extension, hyperextension, horizontal extension, forceful adduction of humerus from overhead position
Subscapularis movements
internal rotation
Supraspinatus movements
abduction (with deltoid), flexion, horizontal extension
Infraspinatus and teres minor movements
external rotation
Latissimus dorsi
extension, adduction, internal rotation
The _____ _____ helps the latissimus dorsi in extension, adduction, and internal rotation.
Teres major
The _________ ____ is a huge help with shoulder joint stability.
rotator cuff
Triceps brachii (long head) movements
Adduction, extension, hyperextension
Muscles involved in the abduction of the humerus (shoulder joint)
deltoid, supraspinatus, plus slight depression from subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor.
Muscles involved in the upward rotation of the shoulder girdle:
serratus anterior, trapezius II and IV
Muscles involved in the adduction of the humerus:
latissimus dorsi, teres major (against resistance or behind the back), sternal portion of pectoralis major, posterior deltoid.
Muscles involved in the reduction of upward rotation of the shoulder:
rhomboids, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae
Muscles involved in the flexion of the humerus
anterior deltoid, clavicular portion of pectoralis major, corabrachiaslis (against resistance), biceps brachii
Muscles involved in the upward rotation of the shoulder:
serratus anterior, trapezius II and IV
Muscles involved in the extension of the humerus:
sternal portion of the pectoralis major, teres major (against resistance), latissimus dorsi, posterior deltoid, triceps brachii (long head).
Muscles involved in hyperextension of the humerus:
posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major
