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EXS 385: Biomechanics > Upper Extremity: The Shoulder Region > Flashcards

Upper Extremity: The Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

The ability of the scapula to place the glenoid fossa in the best position for the humeral head as the arm moves.

A

Scapulohumeral rhythm

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2
Q

Factors that cause scapulohumeral rhythm to vary:

A

age, activity, load, speed

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3
Q

The ________ ______ suspends the upper extremity from the axial skeleton

A

shoulder girdle

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4
Q

What is the sole skeletal connection between the upper extremity and the trunk?

A

The Sternoclavicular joint

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5
Q

The acromioclavicular joint connects which structures?

A

acromion process (of the scapula) and the clavicle

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6
Q

AC Joint classification

A

Diarthrodial, irregular

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7
Q

Ligaments that strengthen the AC joint

A

Acromioclavicular ligament (superior), aponeurosis of trapezius and deltoid muscles (posterior), coracoclavicular ligaments (clavicle to coracoid process)

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8
Q

The sternoclavicular joint connects which structures?

A

Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of the first rib

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9
Q

SC joint classification

A

Double arthrodial (2 joint cavities)

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10
Q

Ligaments that limit the clavicle in the SC joint

A

Anterior SC, Posterior SC, Interclavicular (downward motion), Costoclavicular (elevation, protraction, retraction)

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11
Q

True or False: Every movement of the scapula involves motion in both the AC joint and the SC joint

A

True

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12
Q

Movements of the scapula

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward and downward rotation, anterior/posterior tilt

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13
Q

An upward movement of the scapula, with the vertebral border remaining approximately parallel to the spinal column

A

Elevation

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14
Q

The return from the position of elevation

A

Depression

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15
Q

A lateral movement of the scapula away from the spinal column with the vertebral border remaining approximately parallel to it

A

Abduction/protraction

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16
Q

A medial movement of the scapula toward the spinal column combined with a reduction of lateral tilt

A

Adduction/retraction

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17
Q

A rotation of the scapula in the frontal plane so that the glenoid fossa faces somewhat upward

A

Upward rotation

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18
Q

The return from the position of upward rotation

A

Downward rotation

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19
Q

A turning of the scapula on its mediolateral axis so that the posterior surface faces slightly upward and the inferior angle protrudes from the back

A

Anterior tilt

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20
Q

A tipping of the posterior surface slightly downward and forward.

A

Posterior tilt

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21
Q

Anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle

A

Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

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22
Q

Posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle

A

levator scapulae, rhomboids, trapezius (4 parts)

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23
Q

Pectoralis major actions

A

Downward rotation, anterior tilt, depression, abduction/protraction and lateral tilt

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24
Q

Serratus Anterior actions

A

Abduction, abduction/protraction (lat. tilt)

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25
Q

Subclavius actions

A

Depression

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26
Q

Subclavius main function:

A

protect and stabilize SC joint

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27
Q

Levator Scapulae actions

A

Elevation, downward rotation

28
Q

Rhomboids actions

A

Downward rotation, adduction, elevation

29
Q

The rhomboids work with part _ of the trapezius for good shoulder posture

A

3

30
Q

Trapezius Part 1 actions

A

elevation

31
Q

Trapezius Part 2 actions

A

elevation, upward rotation, adduction

32
Q

Trapezius Part 3 actions

A

adduction

33
Q

Trapezius Part 4 actions

A

Upward rotation, depression, adduction

34
Q

The shoulder joint connects which structures?

A

Humeral head and glenoid fossa of the scapula

35
Q

What kind of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

ball-and-socket joint

36
Q

What does the glenoid labrum do?

A

The glenoid labrum is the fibercartilage of the glenoid fossa that deepns the fossa and cushions it against the impact of the humeral head in forceful movements.

37
Q

What are the three ligamentous reinforcements of the shoulder joint?

A

coracohumeral, glenohumeral, and coracoarcomial

38
Q

What are the three muscular reinforcements of the shoulder joint?

A

supraspinatus, bicep, tricep, subscapularis, pectoralis major, teres major, infraspinatus, teres minor

39
Q

Movements of the shoulder joint

A

Flexion, hyperflexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, external/internal rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction, circumduction.

40
Q

Anterior muscles of the shoulder joint

A

Pectoralis minor, corarobrachialis, subscapularis, biceps brachii

41
Q

Posterior muscles of the shoulder joint

A

Infraspinatus, teres minor

42
Q

Superior muscles of the shoulder joint

A

Deltoid, supraspinatus

43
Q

Inferior muscles of the shoulder joint

A

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, triceps brachii

44
Q

Clavicular portion of the pectoralis major movements:

A

flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation, (abduction 110 degrees)

45
Q

Sternal portion of the pectoralis major movements

A

Downward and forward movements, internal rotation w/ adduction

46
Q

Coracobrachialis movements

A

Horizontal adduction

47
Q

Biceps brachii movements

A

flexion and abduction (with resistance, horizontal adduction, internal rotation

48
Q

Anterior deltoid movements

A

All forward movements, internal rotation

49
Q

Middle deltoid movement

A

ABDUCTOR

50
Q

Posterior deltoid movements

A

extension, hyperextension, horizontal extension, forceful adduction of humerus from overhead position

51
Q

Subscapularis movements

A

internal rotation

52
Q

Supraspinatus movements

A

abduction (with deltoid), flexion, horizontal extension

53
Q

Infraspinatus and teres minor movements

A

external rotation

54
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

extension, adduction, internal rotation

55
Q

The _____ _____ helps the latissimus dorsi in extension, adduction, and internal rotation.

A

Teres major

56
Q

The _________ ____ is a huge help with shoulder joint stability.

A

rotator cuff

57
Q

Triceps brachii (long head) movements

A

Adduction, extension, hyperextension

58
Q

Muscles involved in the abduction of the humerus (shoulder joint)

A

deltoid, supraspinatus, plus slight depression from subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor.

59
Q

Muscles involved in the upward rotation of the shoulder girdle:

A

serratus anterior, trapezius II and IV

60
Q

Muscles involved in the adduction of the humerus:

A

latissimus dorsi, teres major (against resistance or behind the back), sternal portion of pectoralis major, posterior deltoid.

61
Q

Muscles involved in the reduction of upward rotation of the shoulder:

A

rhomboids, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae

62
Q

Muscles involved in the flexion of the humerus

A

anterior deltoid, clavicular portion of pectoralis major, corabrachiaslis (against resistance), biceps brachii

63
Q

Muscles involved in the upward rotation of the shoulder:

A

serratus anterior, trapezius II and IV

64
Q

Muscles involved in the extension of the humerus:

A

sternal portion of the pectoralis major, teres major (against resistance), latissimus dorsi, posterior deltoid, triceps brachii (long head).

65
Q

Muscles involved in hyperextension of the humerus:

A

posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major

EXS 385: Biomechanics (9 decks)

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