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EXS 385: Biomechanics > The Description of Human Motion > Flashcards

The Description of Human Motion Flashcards

1
Q

The act or process of changing place or positions with respect to some reference object.

A

Motion

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2
Q

True or false: motion is relative.

A

True

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3
Q

What instigates movement?

A

A force

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4
Q

What must the force be greater than to produce movement in an object?

A

The object’s inertia

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5
Q

What is inertia?

A

Resistance to motion

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6
Q

During linear/angular motion, the object is translated as a whole from one location to another.

A

Linear

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7
Q

During linear/angular motion, the object, acting as a radius, moves about a fixed point.

A

Angular

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8
Q

Three types of linear motion:

A

Rectilinear, curvilinear, circular

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9
Q

Rectilinear motion is a ________-_____ __________

A

straight-line progression

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10
Q

Curvilinear motion moves along a ___________ ________

A

curved pathway

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11
Q

Circular motion moves _________ ___ ______________

A

around the circumference

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12
Q

Angular motion is measured in __________.

A

degrees

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13
Q

Circular motion describes motion of ANY point on the radius, while angular motion describes motion of the ________ ________.

A

entire radius

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14
Q

Reciprocating motion is a ___________ ________.

A

repetitive movement

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15
Q

The term oscillation refers specifically to repetitive movements in an ___.

A

arc

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16
Q

The combination of linear and angular motion is called __________ ______.

A

general motion

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17
Q

Because most joints are axial, body segments primarily undergo __________ motion.

A

angular

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18
Q

Factors required for linear motion:

A

1.) Object must be free to move
2.) Force must be applied uniformly against one entire side of the object OR in line with the object’s center of gravity (in the case of excessive friction)

19
Q

Factors required for rotary motion:

A

1.) One part of an object must be “fixed”
2.) Force must be applied on any portion of the object that is free to move

20
Q

Levers produce _______ motion.

A

rotary

21
Q

____________ motion is caused by a uniform repetition of opposing force applications.

A

Reciprocating

22
Q

___________ is produced by repeated applications of gravitational force to a suspended object that is free to move back and forth in any position other than resting.

A

Oscillation

23
Q

Three external factors that modify motion:

A

Friction, air resistance, water resistance

24
Q

6 internal resistance factors that modify motion:

A

Friction in the joints, tension of antagonistic muscles, tension of ligaments and fasciae, anomalies of bone and joint structure, atmospheric pressure within the joint capsule, presence of interfering soft tissues.

25
Q

Kinematics describes motion in terms of ___________, ________, and _____________.

A

displacement, velocity, acceleration

26
Q

True or false: Kinematics can only be linear, not angular.

A

False

27
Q

Linear velocity equation

A

V = s/t

28
Q

When _________ is constant, the motion is said to be uniform.

A

Velocity

29
Q

When velocity changes, its rate of change is called __________________.

A

acceleration

30
Q

Linear acceleration equation

A

a = (vf - vi)/t

31
Q

When the acceleration rate is constant, the velocity change is the same during equal time periods. Under these conditions, motion is said to be __________ _________.

A

uniformly accelerated

32
Q

Example of uniformly accelerated motion

A

Free fall!

33
Q

When air resistance is increased to an equal accelerating force of gravity, __________ ________ is achieved.

A

terminal velocity

34
Q

Laws of Uniformly Accelerated Motion

A

Vf = Vi + at
s = Vit + (at)^2 / 2
Vf = Vi^2 + 2as

35
Q

True or false: The time is takes for an object to rise to the highest point of its trajectory is equal to the time it takes to fall to its starting point.

A

True

36
Q

An object that has been given an initial velocity and then allowed to move in free fall under the influence of gravity.

A

Projectile

37
Q

Projectiles always follow the path of a __________.

A

Parabola

38
Q

True or False: The greater the difference between release height and landing height, the lower the angle of projection needs to be.

A

True

39
Q

What are the three factors that control projectile range?

A

1.) Speed of release
2.) Angle of projection
3.) Height of release

40
Q

Angular displacement is calculated using _______, ________, or ________.

A

degrees, revolutions, radians

41
Q

Angular velocity equation

A

w = θ/t

42
Q

Angular acceleration equation

A

a = (wf - wi)/t

43
Q

If the ______ velocity is kept constant, then the ______ velocity is proportional to the length of the lever.

A

Angular; linear

44
Q

If the _____ velocity is kept constant, then an increase in radians will decrease the _______ velocity

A

Linear, angular

EXS 385: Biomechanics (9 decks)

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