Upper Extremity Osteology

Question 1

UE consists of

Answer 1

shoulder, axillary region, brachium, antebrachium, and manus

Question 2

greenstick Fx

Answer 2

incomplete Fx of clavicle in younger child due to direct or indirect injury by falling

Question 3

surgical neck Fx

Answer 3

most common Fx site on humerus

greater tubercle is also susceptible to avulsion by supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor Ms. that insert there

Question 4

what groove is located on humeral body

Answer 4

groove for radial N. (transmits radial N. and deep brachial A.)

Question 5

what groove is located on distal humerus

Answer 5

groove for ulnar N. (associated with medial humeral epicondyle)
“funny bone”

Question 6

avulsion Fx

Answer 6

small chunk of bone attached to tendon or ligament gets pulled away from main part of bone

Question 7

greater humeral tubercle avulsion Fx

Answer 7

associated with humeral neck Fx

avulsion by supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor Ms.

Question 8

medial humeral epicondyle avulsion Fx

Answer 8

associated with severe abduction of the extended elbow

avulsion by antebrachial flexor Ms.

Question 9

olecranon Fx

Answer 9

common fall injury
“fractured elbow”
avulsion by triceps brachii M.

Question 10

Colle’s Fx

Answer 10

FOOSH
Fx of distal end of radius
styloid process of ulna is often also avulsed in this situation by ulnar collateral ligament

Question 11

scaphoid Fx

Answer 11

FOOSH
often not visible on radiograph and therefore misdiagnosed as severe sprain
distal fragment is susceptible to avascular necrosis

Question 12

carpal tunnel anatomy

Answer 12

anterior to the carpal bones
posterior to the flexor retinaculum
transmits the fexor digitorum profundus, superficialis Ms., flexor carpi radialis T., and median N.

Question 13

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 13

swelling of tendons in carpal tunnel causing compression of median N.

Question 14

ulnar canal (Guyon tunnel) anatomy

Answer 14

between pisiform and hamulus of hamate

transmits ulnar N.

Question 15

ulnar canal (Guyon tunnel) syndrome

Answer 15

common in bicyclists using upright handlebar grips

compression of ulnar N.

Question 16

Boxer’s Fx

Answer 16

common result of punching object with closed fist causing head of 5th metacarpal Fx

Question 17

Fx of distal phalanx

Answer 17

common result of closing fingertips in door

intricate relationship between phalanges and flexor tendon bones makes this a careful recovery

Question 18

sternoclavicular joint chondrology

Answer 18

articular disc (fibrocartilaginous disc in joint space)

Question 19

acromioclavicular joint chondrology

Answer 19

articular disc (fibrocartilaginous disc in joint space)

Question 20

glenoid labrum chondrology

Answer 20

fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds and deepens glenoid cavity

Question 21

articular disc of distal radioulnar joint

Answer 21

fibrocartilaginous disc extending between the medial edge of ulnar notch of the radius and the styloid process of the ulna, sometimes called the triangular L.

Question 22

glenoid labrum tear

Answer 22

common in baseball players

usually due to sudden contraction of biceps brachii M. and occurs in anterosuperior part of labrum