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MSK > Back Neurology > Flashcards

Back Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

spinal meninges description

A

three layers that cover SC
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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2
Q

anatomy of spinal dura mater

A 
epidural space
dura-arachnoid interface
spinal dural sac
dural root shealth
filum terminale externum
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3
Q

epidural space

A

occupied by internal vertebral venous plexus and epidural fat

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4
Q

dura-arachnoid interface

A

potential space, no natural space exists here, often erroneously referred to as subdural space

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5
Q

spinal dural sac

A

long tube-shaped sheath surrounding SC lining the vertebral canal

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6
Q

dural root sheath

A

lateral tapering extension of spinal dura mater that surround anterior and posterior roots

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7
Q

filum terminale externum

A

dural part of terminal filum
continuation of filum terminale internum
travels through sacral hiatus and inserts on coccyx

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8
Q

anatomy of spinal arachnoid mater

A

subarachnoid space
arachnoid trabeculae
lumbar cistern

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9
Q

subarachnoid space

A

CSF filled space between arachnoid and pia mater

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10
Q

arachnoid trabeculae

A

delicate strands of connective tissue that span the subarachnoid space joining arachnoid and pia mater

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11
Q

lumbar cistern

A

enlargement of subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris containing the cauda equina

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12
Q

anatomy of spinal pia mater

A

denticulate L.

filum terminale internum

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13
Q

denticulate L.

A

lateral extension of fibrous pia mater at regular intervals between spinal roots to attach to dural sac
suspends spinal cord in dural sac

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14
Q

filum terminale internum

A

continuation of pia mater inferior to the conus medullaris, eventually picks up layer of dura mater inferior to dural sac and becomes filum terminale externum

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15
Q

cervical enlargement

A

swelling of SC from C4-T1

corresponds with brachial plexus and UE

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16
Q

lumbosacral enlargement

A

swelling of SC from T11-S1

corresponds with lumbar and sacral plexuses and LE

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17
Q

spinal cord segments

A

part of SC that produces spinal rootlets that converge to form spinal roots that converge to form a spinal N. that then branches into spinal rami

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18
Q

anterior root

A

central projections from neuronal cell bodies in the anterior horn of SC, converge with posterior root to form spinal N. at each segment

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19
Q

posterior root

A

central projections from neuronal cell bodies in the spinal ganglion, converge with anterior root to form spinal N. at each segment

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20
Q

anterior rootlets

A

small fibers originating from SC that converge to form single anterior root at each SC segment

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21
Q

posterior rootlets

A

small fibers originating from SC that converge to form single posterior root at each SC segment

22
Q

spinal ganglion

A

collection of sensory nerve cell bodies associated with posterior root

23
Q

spinal Ns. description

A 
mixed general sensory and somatic motor
31 pairs (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal)
VERY SHORT union of anterior and posterior roots that quickly branches into anterior and posterior rami
24
Q

cervical spinal Ns. special notes

A

C1 spinal nerve exist vertebral column above C1, C2 spinal nerve exits the vertebral column between C1 and C2

25
Q

anterior rami of cervical spinal Ns.

A 
cervical plexus (C1-4)
brachial plexus (C5-T1)
recurrent meningeal branches (sensory and sympathetic fibers to the dura mater)
26
Q

posterior rami of cervical spinal Ns.

A

suboccipital N. (C1, innervates suboccipital musculature, travels through occipital triangle)
great occipital N. (C2)
least occipital N. (C3)
C4-8 (cutaneous and muscular innervation, medial and lateral branches)

27
Q

medial branches of C4-8 posterior rami

A

muscular branches innervates transversospinalis Ms.
articular branches innervate zygapophyseal joints
cutaneous branches to skin of dermatome

28
Q

lateral branches of C4-8 posterior rami

A

muscular branches innervates erector spinae and splenius Ms.

cutaneous branches to skin of dermatome

29
Q

anterior rami of thoracic spinal Ns.

A

atypical intercostal N. (T1,2,7-11)
typical intercostal N. (T3-6)
subcostal N. (T12)
recurrent meningeal branches (sensory and sympathetic fibers to the dura mater)

30
Q

atypical intercostal N.

A

T1-2 send branches to brachial plexus

T7-11 become thoracoabdominal N.

31
Q

posterior rami of thoracic spinal Ns.

A

medial and lateral branches

32
Q

medial branches of posterior rami of thoracic spinal Ns.

A

muscular branch innervates transversospinalis Ms. and longissimus thoracis M.
articular branch innervates zygapophyseal joint
cutaneous branch innervates skin of dermatome

33
Q

lateral branches of posterior rami of thoracic spinal Ns.

A

muscular branch innervates erector spinae Ms.

cutaneous branch innervates skin of dermatome

34
Q

anterior rami of lumbar spinal Ns.

A 
lumbar plexus (L1-4)
lumbosacral trunk (L4,5)
recurrent meningeal branches (sensory and sympathetic fibers to dura mater)
35
Q

posterior rami of lumbar spinal Ns.

A

medial and lateral branches

36
Q

medial branches of posterior rami of lumbar spinal Ns.

A

muscular branch innervates transversospinalis Ms., interspinalis Ms., and intertransversarii Ms.
articular branch innervates zygapophyseal joint
cutaneous branch innervates skin of dermatome

37
Q

lateral branches of posterior rami of lumbar spinal Ns.

A

muscular branch innervates erector spinae Ms.
cutaneous branch innervates skin of dermatome
superior cluneal N. (L1-3)

38
Q

anterior rami of sacral spinal Ns.

A 
sacral plexus (L4-S4)
coccygeal plexus (S4,5)
recurrent meningeal branches (sensory and sympathetic fibers to the dura mater)
39
Q

conus medullaris

A

distal cone shaped terminal end of SC typically begins tapering off at T12 and ends at L2

40
Q

cauda equina

A

bundle of anterior and posterior roots from the lumbosacral enlargement and conus medullaris

41
Q

spinal cord injury (SCI)

A

complete transection results in loss of sensation and motor function below the lesion

42
Q

SCI C1-3

A

no function below the head, respirator necessary for life

43
Q

SCI C4-5

A

no function of limbs, respiration capable

44
Q

SCI C6-8

A

loss of hand and variable upper limb function, may be able to propel a wheelchair

45
Q

SCI T1-9

A

paralysis of both lower limbs

46
Q

SCI T10-L1

A

some thigh muscle function, may allow walking with long leg braces

47
Q

SCI L2-3

A

most lower limb functions present, may be able to walk with short leg braces

48
Q

five categories of structures innervated by recurrent meningeal N. (anterior rami) and posterior rami

A

fibroskeletal structures (periosteum and ligaments), meninges, synovial joints, intrinsic back Ms.

49
Q

most common causes of back pain

A

muscular, joint, and fibroskeletal pain

50
Q

muscular pain

A

result of spasm producing ischemia

51
Q

joint pain

A

result of osteoarthritis or disease arthritis

52
Q

fibroskeletal pain

A

result of Fx’s and dislocation of ligamentous structures

MSK (8 decks)

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