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MSK > Upper Extremity Arthrology > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

shoulder girdle

A

manubrium, clavicle, scapula and humerus

SC, AC, and glenohumeral joints

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2
Q

sternoclavicular joint classification

A

sellar (saddle) synovial joint (articular capsule and disc)

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3
Q

sternoclavicular joint Bs.

A

between clavicular notch of manubrium and sternal facet on sternal end of clavicle

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4
Q

sternoclavicular joint Ls.

A

costoclavicular L.
anterior sternoclavicular L.
posterior sternoclavicular L.
interclavicular L.

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5
Q

acromioclavicular joint classification

A

planar synovial joint (articular capsule and disc)

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6
Q

acromioclavicular joint Bs.

A

between acromial facet on the acromial end of the clavicle and the facet on the acromion of the scapula

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7
Q

acromioclavicular joint Ls.

A

acromioclavicular L.

coracoclavicular L. (trapezoid L. and conoid L.)

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8
Q

AC joint injury

A

“shoulder separation”

capable of separating with or without rupture of the coracoclavicular L.

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9
Q

glenohumeral joint classification

A

spheroidal synovial (articular capsule, labrum, and bursae)

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10
Q

glenohumeral joint Bs.

A

between glenoid cavity of scapular head and head of humerus

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11
Q

glenohumerual joint Ls.

A

glenohumeral L.
coracohumeral L.
transverse humeral L.
coracoacromial arch

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12
Q

coracoacromial arch

A

osseoligamentous arch preventing superior displacement of humerus from glenoid cavity
coracoacromial L.

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13
Q

glenoid labrum

A

deepens and supports cavity of the scapular head

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14
Q

bursae of the glenohumeral joint

A

subscapular bursa and subacromial bursa

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15
Q

subscapular bursa

A

between subscapularis T. and the scapular neck, communicates with synovial membrane of glenohumeral joint

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16
Q

subacromial bursa

A

between the deltoid M., supraspinatus T. and articular capsule, does not usually communicate with synovial membrane of glenohumeral joint

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17
Q

fibrous capsule of glenohumeral joint is open in two places to allow passage of

A

long head of biceps brachii T. and subscapular bursa

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18
Q

GH joint dislocation

A

susceptible due to mobility and relative instability

due to presence of coracoacromial arch, dislocation of the GH joint most commonly occurs anteriorly or inferiorly

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19
Q

elbow joint classification

A

ginlymus (hinge) synovial joint (articular capsule, humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, bursae)
continuously distally with synovial membrane of proximal radioulnar joint

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20
Q

humeroulnar joint Bs.

A

trochlear notch of ulna wrapping around humeral trochlea

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21
Q

humeroulnar joint Ls.

A

ulnar collateral L. of elbow (anterior band, posterior band, oblique band)

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22
Q

humeroradial joint Bs.

A

humeral capitulum articulating with fovea of radial head

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23
Q

humeroradial joint Ls.

A

radial collateral L. of elbow (blends with annular L. of radial head)

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24
Q

bursae of the elbow joint

A

olecranon bursae
subcutaneous bursa of medial humeral epicondyle
subcutaneous bursa of lateral humeral epicondyle
bursa of anconeus
bursa at origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis M.
bicipitoradial bursa

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25
Q

list the 3 olecranon bursae

A

subtendinous olecranon bursa
intratendinous olecranon bursa
subcutaneous olecranon bursa

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26
Q

bursae inflammation of elbow

A

most common to become inflamed are subcutaneous olecranon bursa and bicipitoradial bursa

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27
Q

subcutaneous olecranon bursitis

A

“student’s elbow”, “thrower’s elbow”, “dart thrower’s elbow”, or “miner’s elbow” results from excessive friction between the skin and the olecranon

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28
Q

list the 3 radioulnar joints

A

proximal radioulnar joint
middle radioulnar joint
distal radioulnar joint

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29
Q

proximal radioulnar joint classification

A

trochoid (pivot) synovial (articular capsule, sacciform recess)
primary site of supination and pronation

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30
Q

proximal radioulnar joint Ls.

A

annular L. (holds radial head in radial notch)

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31
Q

middle radioulnar joint classification

A

syndesmosis fibrous (oblique cord and interosseous membrane)

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32
Q

distal radioulnar joint classification

A

trochoid (pivot) synovial (articular capsule and disc, sacciform recess)

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33
Q

sacciform recess

A

small pocket of synovial membrane protruding out of synovial joint

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34
Q

radial head dislocation

A

“nursemaid’s elbow” or “pulled elbow”
occurs typically from pulling on the arm of a child
radial head dislocated out of the annular L.

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35
Q

radiocarpal (wrist) joint classification

A

condylar synovial joint (articular capsule and disc)

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36
Q

radiocarpal (wrist) joint Bs.

A

between distal end of radius, articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the scaphoid, plus the lunate and triquetrum Bs.

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37
Q

radiocarpal (wrist) joint Ls.

A 
palmar radiocarpal L.
dorsal radiocarpal L.
palmar ulnocarpal L.
dorsal ulnocarpal L.
radial collateral L. of wrist
ulnar collateral L. of wrist
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38
Q

palmar radiocarpal L.

A

two bands, one to lunate B. and other to capitate B.

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39
Q

intercarpal joints classification

A

planar synovial joints (articular capsule)

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40
Q

intercarpal joint Ls.

A

posterior intercarpal L.
anterior intercarpal L.
interosseous intercarpal L.

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41
Q

pisiform joint Bs.

A

between the pisiform and anterior surface of the triquetrum

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42
Q

pisiform joint Ls.

A

pisohamate L. between the pisiform and the hook of the hamate

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43
Q

midcarpal joint classification

A

sellar (saddle) synovial (articular capsule, continuous with capsule of intercarpal and carpometacarpal joints)

44
Q

midcarpal joint Bs.

A

between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

45
Q

midcarpal joint Ls.

A 
strengthened by, but not the owner of
anterior intercarpal L.
posterior intercarpal L.
radial collateral L. of wrist
ulnar collateral L. of wrist
46
Q

1st carpometacarpal joint classification

A

sellar (saddle) synovial (articular capsule)

47
Q

1st carpometacarpal joint Bs.

A

between trapezium to 1st metacarpal

48
Q

1st carpometacarpal joint Ls.

A

palmar carpometacarpal L.

dorsal carpometacarpal L.

49
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joints classification

A

planar synovial joint (articular capsule)

50
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joints Bs.

A

between distal carpal row to 2nd-5th metacarpals

51
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joints Ls.

A

palmar carpometacarpal L.
dorsal carpometacarpal L.
radiate carpal L.
pisometacarpal L. (associated with 5th metacarpal)

52
Q

pisometacarpal L. in junction with pisohamate L. are the continuation of the

A

flexor carpi ulnaris T.

53
Q

intercarpal joints classification

A 
4 of them
planar synovial (articular capsule)
54
Q

intercarpal joints Bs.

A

between bases of metacarpals

between 1st and 2nd separate from the other three

55
Q

intercarpal joints Ls.

A

dorsal intermetacarpal L.
palmar intermetacarpal L.
interosseous intermetacarpal L.

56
Q

metacarpophalangeal joints classification

A 
5 of them
condylar synovial (articular capsule)
57
Q

metacarpophalangeal joints Bs.

A

between metacarpals and proximal phalanges

58
Q

metacarpophalangeal joints Ls.

A

palmar L.
medial collateral L.
lateral collateral L.
deep transverse metacarpal L.

59
Q

sprain of lateral collateral ligament of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint of the 1st digit

A

“bull rider’s thumb”

associated with avulsion of lateral part of proximal phalanx

60
Q

laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint of the 1st digit

A

“skier’s thumb” or “game-keepers thumb”

results in hyperabduction of joint

61
Q

1st interphalangeal joint classification

A

ginglymus (hinge) synovial (articular capsule)

62
Q

1st interphalangeal joint Bs.

A

between 1st proximal and distal phalanx of 1st digit

63
Q

1st interphalangeal joint Ls.

A

palmar L.
medial collateral L.
lateral collateral L.

64
Q

2nd-5th proximal interphalangeal joints classification

A

ginglymus (hinge) synovial (articular capsule)

65
Q

2nd-5th proximal interphalangeal joints Bs.

A

between 2nd-5th proximal phalanges and 2nd-5th intermediate phalanges

66
Q

2nd-5th proximal interphalangeal joints Ls.

A

palmar L.
medial collateral L.
lateral collateral L.

67
Q

2nd-5th distal interphalangeal joints classification

A

ginglymus (hinge) synovial (articular capsule)

68
Q

2nd-5th distal interphalangeal joints Bs.

A

between 2nd-5th intermediate phalanges and 2nd-5th distal phalanges

69
Q

2nd-5th distal interphalangeal joints Ls.

A

palmar L.
medial collateral L.
lateral collateral L.

70
Q

sudden hyperflexion of the distal interphalangeal joint

A

“mallet finger” or “baseball finger”

associated with avulsion of attachment of long extensor T. away from distal phalanx

71
Q

movements of the upper extremity

A 
scapular
glenohumeral
elbow
radioulnar
wrist
digits 2-5
thumb
72
Q

scapular movement

A

elevation and depression of the scapula
protraction and retraction of the scapula
rotating the glenoid cavity up and down

73
Q

glenohumeral movement

A

extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly) of the arm
hyperextension (posterior to anatomical position) of the arm
abduction and adduction of the arm
medial and lateral rotation of the arm

74
Q

elbow movement

A

flexion (anteriorly) and extension (posteriorly) of the forearm

75
Q

radioulnar movement

A

pronation (thumb facing medially) and supination (thumb facing laterally, anatomical position)

76
Q

wrist movement

A 
extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly) of the hand
ulnar flexion (medial movement of the hand at the wrist)
radial flexion (lateral movement of the hand at the wrist)
77
Q

digits 2-5 movement

A

extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly)

abduction (movement away from the middle finger) and adduction (movement toward the middle finger)

78
Q

3rd digit abduction/adduction

A

abducted medially or laterally but cannot be adducted

79
Q

thumb movement

A

extension (lateral movement from anatomic position) and flexion (sweeping thumb across palmar surface)
abduction (anterior movement from anatomical position) and adduction (posterior movement from anatomical position)
opposition (touching thumb to 5th digit) and reposition (returning the thumb from opposed position)

80
Q

fascia of shoulder and axilla

A 
pectoral fascia
axillary fascia
clavipectoral fascia
deltoid fascia
supraspinous fascia
infraspinous fascia
81
Q

clavipectoral fascia divided into

A

costocoracoid membrane

suspensory L. of the axilla

82
Q

suspensory L. of the axilla forms the

A

axillary fossa

83
Q

fascia of the brachium

A

brachial fascia
medial intermuscular septum
lateral intermuscular septum

84
Q

brachial fascia covers

A

musculature of brachium

85
Q

medial intermuscular septum of the fascia of the brachium separates

A

anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments

86
Q

fascia of the antebrachium

A

antebrachial fascia

87
Q

parts of the antebrachial fascia

A

interosseous membrane
extensor retinaculum
palmar carpal L.
flexor retinaculum

88
Q

synovial tendon sheaths of extensor retinaculum

A

6 of them

surround long extensor Ts. of forearm as they pass under extensor retinaculum to reduce friction

89
Q

common flexor sheath of flexor retinaculum

A

one large synovial sheath surrounding the long Ts. of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus M. to reduce friction under the flexor retinaculum

90
Q

interosseous membrane of antebrachial fascia separates

A

anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments

91
Q

continuity of upper extremity fascia

A

palmar fascia is continuous proximally with antebrachial fascia is continuous superiorly with brachial fascia is continuous with pectoral, deltoid, infraspinous and axillary fascia

92
Q

fascia of the hand

A

palmar fascia (palmar aponeurosis)
dorsal fascia
fibrous digital sheaths (digital synovial sheaths)
compartments of the hand

93
Q

palmar aponeurosis

A

thickened central region of palmar fascia

94
Q

parts of the palmar aponeurosis

A

superficial transverse metacarpal L
retinacula cutis
medial fibrous septum
lateral fibrous septum

95
Q

retinacula cutis of palmar aponeurosis

A

restricts palmar skin movement

96
Q

medial fibrous septum of palmar aponeurosis

A

separates hypothenar compartment from central compartment

97
Q

lateral fibrous septum of palmar aponeurosis

A

separates thenar compartment from central compartment

98
Q

digital synovial sheaths

A

synovial sheaths for the individual digits that surround the long Ts. of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus M.
held firmly in place by fibrous digital sheaths

99
Q

compartments of the hand

A 
hypothenar compartment
central compartment
thenar compartment
adductor compartment
interosseous compartment
100
Q

hypothenar compartment of the hand contains

A

hypothenar Ms.

101
Q

central compartment of the hand contains

A

flexor tendons, lumbrical Ms., superficial palmar arterial arch, digital vessels and digital nerves

102
Q

thenar compartment of the hand contains

A

thenar Ms.

103
Q

adductor compartment of the hand contains

A

adductor pollicis M.

104
Q

interosseous compartment of the hand contains

A

interossei Ms.

105
Q

irritation of synovial sheaths

A

can cause accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid that can form a usually painless lump known as synovial, or ganglion cyst

106
Q

infection of synovial sheaths

A

can cause swelling in very specific and characteristic configurations that follow the shapes of these sheaths

107
Q

dupuytren contracture

A

Dz resulting in shortening, thickening and fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia, which results in partial flexion of the 4th and 5th digits

MSK (8 decks)

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