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Upper Extremity - Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the thoracoappendicular (anterior axioappendicular) muscles.

A
  • Pectoralis major m.
  • Pectoralis minor m.
  • Subclavius m.
  • Serratus anterior m.
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2
Q

Pectoralis major m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Clavicular head: anterior aspect medial 1/2 clavicle
    • Sternocostal head:
      • Anterior surface sternum
      • Costal cartilages 1-6
      • Aponeurosis external abdominal oblique M.
  • Insertion: lateral edge intertubercular groove of the humerus
  • Action:
    • Adduct humerus
    • Medially rotate humerus
    • Clavicular head: flex humerus
    • Sternocostal head: extend flexed humerus
  • Innervation:
    • Medial pectoral N.
    • Lateral pectoral N.
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3
Q

Pectoralis minor m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: ribs 3-5 near costochondral joint
  • Insertion: coracoid process of the scapula
  • Action: stablize scapula by depression and protracton
  • Innervation: medial pectoral N.
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4
Q

Subclavius m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: superior aspect 1st costochondral joint
  • Insertion: inferior aspect middle 1/3 clavicle
  • Action:
    • Stabilize clavicle
    • Depress clavicle
  • Innervation: N. to the subclavius M.
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5
Q

Serratus anterior m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral aspect, external surface ribs 1-8
  • Insertion: anterior surface; medial border of the scapula
  • Action:
    • Protract scapula
    • Stabilize scapula against the thoracic wall
    • Rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
  • Innervation: long thoracic N.
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6
Q

Name the scapulohumeral (shoulder) muscles.

A
  • Deltoid m.
  • Subscapularis m.
  • Supraspinatus m.
  • Infraspinatus m.
  • Teres major m.
  • Teres minor m.
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7
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles.

A
  • Subscapularis m.
  • Supraspinatus m.
  • Infraspinatus m.
  • Teres minor m.
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8
Q

Deltoid m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
    • Acromion
    • Scapular spine
  • Insertion: deltoid tubersity of humerus
  • Action:
    • Clavicular part:
      • Flex humerus
      • Medially rotate humerus
    • Acromial part: abducts humerus
    • Spinal part:
      • Extend huerus
      • Laterally rotate humerus
  • Innervation: axillary N.
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9
Q

Subscapularis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: subscapular fossa scapula
  • Insertion: lesser tubercle humerus
  • Action:
    • Medially rotate humerus
    • Adduct humerus
    • Hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation:
    • Superior subscapular N.
    • Inferior subscapular N.
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10
Q

Supraspinatus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: supraspinous fossa scapula
  • Insertion: greater humeral tubercle
  • Action:
    • Abduct humerus (with deltoid M.)
    • Hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation: suprascapular N.
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11
Q

Infraspinatus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: infraspinous fossa scapula
  • Insertion: greater humeral tubercle
  • Action:
    • Laterally rotate humerus
    • Hold head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation: suprascapular N.
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12
Q

Teres minor m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: middle 1/3, lateral border scapula
  • Insertion: greater humeral tubercle
  • Action:
    • Laterally rotate humerus
    • Hold head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation: axillary N.
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13
Q

Teres major m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: posterior aspect, inferior angle scapula
  • Insertion: medial edge intertubercular groove humerus
  • Action:
    • Adduct humerus
    • Medially rotate humerus
  • Innervation: inferior subscapular N.
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14
Q

Name the posterior axioappendicular muscles.

A
  • Trapezius m.
  • Latissimus dorsi m.
  • Rhomboid major m.
  • Rhomboid minor m.
  • Levator scapulae m.
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15
Q

Name the brachial muscles of the anterior compartment.

A
  • Biceps brachii m.
  • Coracobrachialis m.
  • Brachialis m.
  • Trices brachii m.
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16
Q

What is the main action of the brachial muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

flexion of the brachium

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17
Q

Biceps brachii m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
    • Short head: coracoid process
  • Insertion:
    • Radial tuberosity
    • Antebrachal fascia as bicipital aponeurosis
  • Action:
    • Flex huerus
    • Flex supine forearm
    • Supinae the forearm
    • Short head: resist shoulder dislocation
  • Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
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18
Q

Corachobrachialis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: coracoid prcoess scapula
  • Insertion: middle 1/3, medial aspect of humeral body
  • Action:
    • Flex humerus
    • Adduct humerus
  • Innervation: musculocutaneous N.
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19
Q

Brachialis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: Distal 1/2 anterior aspect of humerus
  • Insertion:
    • Ulnar tuberosity
    • Coronoid process of ulna
  • Action:
    • Flex forearm
  • Innervation: musculocutaneous n.
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20
Q

Name the brachial muscles of the posterior compartment.

A
  • Triceps brachii m.
  • Anconeus m.
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21
Q

What is the main action of the brachial muscles of the psoterior compartment?

A

Extend the brachium

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22
Q

Triceps brachii m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Long head: infraglenoid tubercle scapula
    • Lateral head: posterior aspect humeral body superior to radial groove
    • Medial head: posterior aspecth umeral body inferior to the radial groove
  • Insertion:
    • Olecranon process of ulna
    • Antebrachial fascia
  • Action:
    • Extend forearm
    • Long head: resist shoulder dislocation
    • Extend humerus
    • Adduct humerus
  • Innervation: radial N.
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23
Q

Anconeus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle
  • Insertion: lateral aspect of the olecranon
  • Action:
    • Extend forearm (w/ triceps brachii m.)
    • Stabilizes elbow joint and abducts the una during pronation
  • Innervation: radial N.
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24
Q

Name the superficial flexors of the antebrachium.

A
  • Pronator teres m.
  • Flexor carpi radialis m.
  • Palmaris longus m.
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
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25
Q

Pronator teres m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Humeral head: medial humeral epicondyle
    • Ulnar head: coronoid process
  • Insertion: lateral aspect of the radius
  • Action:
    • Pronate forearm
    • Flex forearm
  • Innervation: median N.
26
Q

Flexor carpi radialis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: medial humeral epicondyle
  • Insertion: anterior aspect base of the 2nd MCP
  • Action:
    • Flex hand at the wrist
    • Abduct hand at the wrist
  • Innervation: median N.
27
Q

Palmaris longus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: medial humeral epicondyle
  • Insertion:
    • Palmar aponeurosis
    • Flexor retinaculum
  • Action:
    • Flex hand at wrist
    • Tense palmar aponeurosis
  • Innervation: median N.
28
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Humeral head: medial head of the humeral epicondyle
    • Ulnar head:
      • Olecranon process
      • Posterior border ulna
  • Insertion:
    • Pisiform
    • Hook of the hamate
    • Base of the 5th MCP pisiform
  • Action:
    • Flex hand at the wrist
    • Adduct hand at the wrist
  • Innervaton: ulnar N.
29
Q

Name the intermediate flexor(s) of the antebrachium.

A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis m.
30
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Humeroulnar head
      • Medial humeral epicondyle
      • Coronoid process of the ulna
    • Radial head
      • Anterosuperior aspect radius
  • Insertion:
    • Body middle phalanges (digits 2-5/bifid tendon)
  • Action:
    • Flex forearm
    • Flex hand at wrist
    • Flex MCP joints (digits 2-5)
    • Flex proximal IP joint (digits 2-5)
  • Innervation: median N.
31
Q

Name the deep flexors of the antebrachium.

A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus m.
  • Flexor pollicis longus m.
  • Pronator quadratus m.
32
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Anterior part of proximal 1/2 ulna
    • Interosseus membrane
  • Insertion: base of distal phalanges digits 2-5 (tendon passes through bifid superficialis tendon)
  • Action:
    • Flex hand at wrist
    • Flex MCP joint (digits 2-5)
    • Flex PIP joint (digits 2-5)
    • Flex DIP joint (digits 2-5)
  • Innervation:
    • Lateral part: anterior interosseus N.
    • Medial part: ulnar N.
33
Q

Flexor pollicis longus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Anterior aspect radius
    • Interosseus membrane
  • Insertion: base distal phalanx pollex
  • Action:
    • Flex hand at wrist
    • Flex 1st carpometacarpal joint
    • Flex 1st MCP joint
    • Flex 1st IP joint
  • Innervation: anterior interosseus N.
34
Q

Pronator quadratus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: anterior aspect distal ulna
  • Insertion: anterior aspect distal radius
  • Action: pronate forearm
  • Innervation: anterior interosseus N.
35
Q

Name the superficial extensors of the antebrachium.

A
  • Brachioradialis m.
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus m.
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.
  • Extensor digitorum m.
  • Extensor digit minimi m.
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris m.
36
Q

Brachioradialis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
  • Insertion: lateral aspect of hte distal radius
  • Action: flex forearm
  • Innervation: radial N.
37
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral supracondular ridge of humerus
  • Insertion: base of 2nd MCP
  • Action:
    • Extend hand at wrist
    • Abduct hand at wrist (radial flexion)
  • Innervation: radial N.
38
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: Lateral humeral epicondyle
  • Insertion: base of the 3rd MCP
  • Action:
    • Extend hand at wrist
    • Abduct hand at wrist (radial flexion)
  • Innervation: deep radial N.
39
Q

Extensor digitorum m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle
  • Insertion: extensor expansion digits 2-5
  • Action:
    • Extend hand at wrist
    • Extend MCP joint (digits 2-5)
    • Extend PIP joint (digits 2-5)
    • Extend DIP joint (digits 2-5)
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
40
Q

Extensor digiti minimi m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle
  • Insertion: extensor expansion 5th digit
  • Action:
    • Extend MCP joint 5th digit
    • Extend PIP joint 5th digit
    • Extend DIP joint 5th digit
  • Innervation: posterior interosseus N.
41
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle m.
  • Insertion: base of the 5th metacarpal
  • Action:
    • Extend hand at wrist
    • Adduct hand at wrist (ulnar flexion)
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
42
Q

Name the deep extensors of the brachium.

A
  • Supinator m.
  • Extensor indicis m.
43
Q

Supinator m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Lateral humeral epicondyle
    • Supinator crest ulna
  • Insertion: proximal aspect radial body
  • Action: supinate forearm
  • Innervation: deep radial N.
44
Q

Extensor indicis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Posterior aspect distal 1/3 ulna
    • Posterior aspect radius
    • Interosseous membrane
  • Insertion: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
  • Action:
    • Extend hand at wrist
    • Extend index finger
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
45
Q

Name the outcropping muscles of the deep extensors of the brachium.

A
  • Abductor pollicis longus m.
  • Extensor pollics brevis m.
  • Extensor pollicis longus m.
46
Q

Abductor pollicis longus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Posterior aspect prxima ulna
    • Posterior aspect radius
    • Interosseous membrane
  • Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
  • Action:
    • Abduct hand at wrist
    • Abduct pollex (radial flexion)
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
47
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Posterior aspect radius
    • Interosseous membrane
  • Insertion: base 1st proxima phalanx
  • Action:
    • Abduct hand at wrist (radial flexion)
    • Extend pollex
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
48
Q

Extensor pollicis longus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Posterior aspect of ulna
    • Interosseous membrane
  • Insertion: base 1st distal phalanx
  • Action:
    • Abduct hand at wrist (radial flexion)
    • Extend pollex
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
49
Q

Name the thenar muscles of the hand.

A
  • Abductor polliis brevis m.
  • Flexor pollicis brevis m.
  • Opponens pollicis m.
  • Adductor pollicis m.
50
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Tubercle scaphoid
    • Tubercle trapezium
    • Flexor retinaculum
  • Insertion: base of proximal phalanx pollex
  • Action:
    • Abduct pollex
  • Innervation: recurrent branch of the median N.
51
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Tubercle scaphoid
    • Tubercle trapezoid
    • Flexor retinaculum
  • Insertion:
    • Base proximal phalanx pollex
  • Action:
    • Flex pollex
  • Innervation:
    • Superficial head: recurrent branch median N.
    • Deep head: ulnar N.
52
Q

Opponens policis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Tubercle scaphoid
    • Tubercle trapezium
    • Flexor retinaculum
  • Insertion: lateral aspect of the 1st MCP
  • Action: oppose pollex
  • Innervation: recurrent branch of the median N.
    *
53
Q

Adductor pollicis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Oblique head
      • Capitate
      • Base 2nd metacarpal
      • Base 3rd metacarpal
    • Transverse head
      • anterior aspect body 3rd metacarpal
  • Insertion: medial aspect proximal phalanx pollex
  • Action: adduct pollex
  • Innervation: deep ulnar N.
54
Q

Name the hypothenar muscles of the hand.

A
  • Abductor digiti minimi m.
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
  • Opponens digiti minimi m.
55
Q

Abductor digiti minimi m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: pisifirom
  • Insertion: medial aspect base proximal phalanx 5th digit
  • Action: abduct 5th digit
  • Innervation: deep ulnar N.
56
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Hook of hamate
    • Flexor retinaculum
  • Insertion: medial aspect 5th metacarpal
  • Action: flex proximal phalanx 5th digit
  • Innervation: deep ulnar N.
57
Q

Opponens digiti minimi m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Hook of hamate
    • Flexor retinaculum
  • Insertion: medial aspect of the 5th metacarpal
  • Action: oppose 5th digit
  • Innervation: deep ulnar N.
58
Q

Name the intermediate muscles of the hand.

A
  • 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscles
  • 3rd and 4th lumbrical muscles
  • dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) - DAB
  • palmar interossei muscles (1-3) - PAD
59
Q

1st and 2nd lumbrical m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral side lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus m. (unipennate)
  • Insertion: radial aspect extensor expansions 2nd and 3rd digits
  • Action:
    • Flex MCP joint
    • Extend PIP joint
    • Extend DIP joint
  • Innervation: median N.
60
Q

3rd and 4th lumbrical m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: between medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus m. (bipennate)
  • Insertion: radial aspect extensor expansions 4th and 5th digits
  • Action:
    • Flex MCP joint
    • Extend PIP joint
    • Extend DIP joint
  • Innervation: deep ulnar N.
61
Q

Dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) - DAB

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: adjacent sides of all 5 metacarpals (bipennate)
  • Insertion:
    • Bases of proximal phalanges (lateral side f 2nd digit, both sides of 3rd digit, medial side 4th digit)
    • Extensor expansions (lateral side 2nd digit, both sides of the 3rd digit, medial side 4th digit)
  • Actions:
    • Abduct 2nd digit laterally, 3rd digit in both directions, 4th digit medially
    • Flex MCP joints (digits 2-4)
    • Extend PIP joint (digits 2-4)
    • Extend DIP joint (digits 2-4)
  • Innervation: deep ulnar N.
62
Q

Palmar interossei muscles (1-3) - PAD

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • 1st: medial side 2nd metacarpal
    • 2nd and 3rd: lateral sides of 4th and 5th metacarpals
  • Insertion:
    • Bases of proximal phalanges (alteral side 2nd digit, both sides of the 3rd digit, medial side 4th digit)
    • Extensor expansions (lateral side 2nd digit, both sides of 3rd digit, medial side 4th digit)
  • Action:
    • Adduct 2nd digit medially, 4th and 5th digits laterally
    • Flex MCP joints (digits 2, 4, 5)
    • Extend PIP joints (digits 2, 4, 5)
    • Extend DIP joints (digits 2, 4, 5)
  • Innervation: deep ulnar N.

MSK (8 decks)

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