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MSK > Upper Extremity Joints > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Joints Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What are 5 important joints/articulations of the shoulder?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

Sternoclavicular joint

Glenohumoral joint

Subacromial space

Scapulothracic space

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3
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4
Q

The choricoclavicular ligament is composed of what 2 ligaments?

A

Trapezoid ligament

Conoid ligament

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5
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12
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13
Q

What is circumduction of the shoulder joint?

A
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14
Q

What are the 3 subdivsions of the trapezius?

What are their functions?

A

Descending - Scapular elevation

Transverse - Scapular retraction, humeral abduction past 90 degrees

Ascending - Scapular depression

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve aka cranial nerve 11

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16
Q

What muscles are shown?

What are their functions?

How are they innervated?

A
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17
Q

What muscles are shown?

What is their function?

How are they innervated?

A
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18
Q

What muscle is shown?

What is its function?

How is it innervated?

A
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19
Q

What muscles are shown?

What is their function?

How are they innervated?

A

Supraspinatus - abduction innervated via suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus - Lateral rotation innervated via suprascapular nerve

Teres minor - lateral rotation, adduction, innervated via axillary nerve

Subscapularis - medial rotation, innervated via subscapular nerve

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20
Q

What muscle is shown?

What is its function?

How is it innervated?

A
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21
Q

The […] runs superficial to the superior transverse leigament

A

Suprascapular artery

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22
Q

The glenohumoral joint is designed for:

a) Stability
b) Mobility

A

B - Mobility

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23
Q

What 5 elements of the glenohumeral joint provide static support?

A
  • The glenoid labrum
  • The synovial membrane
  • Articular capsule
  • Glenohumeral ligaments
  • Coracohumeral ligament
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24
Q

The glenoid labrum is made of […]

A

Fibrocartilage

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25
Q

Describe the function of the glenoid labrum in the glenohumeral joint.

A
  • Increases bony congruency by increasing the depth of the socket
  • Fibrocartilage composition provides shock absorption
  • Creates negative pressure environment that wants to suck the humeral head into the socket
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26
Q

Describe the function of the synovial membrane in the glenohumeral joint.

A
  • Secretes synovial fluid
  • Creates negative pressure to suck humeral head into socket
  • Covers the proximal parts of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii where it inserts onto the scapula to reduce friction as it moves through the intertubercular groove
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27
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28
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29
Q

What is the (general) function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

They provide dynamic support to the glenohumeral joint. This support is needed to maintain the articulation of the humeral head with the glenoid fossa during movements of humerus due to poor bony congruency.

30
Q

The rotator cuff muscles work collaboratively to produce an adequate […] for joint stability.

A

Force couple

31
Q

What is the relationship between the tendons of the 4 rotator cuff muscles and the fibrous articular capsule of the glenohumeral joint?

A

The rotator cuff tendons merge with fibers of capsule –> strengthens capsule

32
Q

The rotator cuff musles are scapular muscles.

True/False.

A

False - they are glenohumeral muscles - they all move/stabilize the humerus.

33
Q

What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?

A
34
Q

The rhomboids are a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Scapular

35
Q

The deltoid is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Glenohumeral

36
Q

The trapezius is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Scapular

37
Q

The levator scapulae is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Scapular

38
Q

The pectoralis major is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Glenohumeral

39
Q

The pectoralis minor is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Scapular

40
Q

The latissimus dorsi is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Glenohumeral

41
Q

The serratus anterior is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle

A

Scapular

42
Q

The teres major is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle

A

Glenohumeral

43
Q

The biceps brachii is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Glenohumeral

44
Q

The long head of the triceps is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Glenohumeral

45
Q

The coracobrachialis is a (scapular or glenohumeral) muscle.

A

Glenohumeral

46
Q

What are the supporting structures of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Articular capsule

Acromioclavicular ligament

Coracoclavicular ligament

Coracoacromial ligament

47
Q

What type of joint is the AC joint?

A

Plane

48
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral?

A

Ball and socket

49
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle

50
Q

What are the supporting structures of the sternoclaviular joint?

A

Articular capsule

Articular disc

Sternoclavicular ligament

Interclavicular ligament

Costoclavicular ligament

51
Q
A
52
Q

What is the function of the sternoclavicular disc?

A

Positioning the clavicle and absorbing shock (made of fibrocartilage)

53
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

A syovial hinge joint

54
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

synovial joint of the pivot type between head of radius, annular ligament and radial notch on ulna

55
Q

What are the supporting structures of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Articular capsule

Annular ligament

Quadrate ligament

56
Q

What is the function of the quradrate ligament?

A

Attaches to neck of radius and lower part of radial notch and keeps the radius and ulna in tight bony congruency to one another. Also prevents over pronation/supination of the forearm.

57
Q
A
58
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A
59
Q
A
60
Q

What type of joint is the middle radioulnar joint?

A

Syndesmosis between shafts of ulna and radius, NOT SYNOVIAL

61
Q
A
62
Q

What is the function of the interosseous membrane? (3)

A
  • Boundary separating compartments of arm
  • Aids in force transmission
  • Increases surface area for attachment of muscles
63
Q

What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Synovial of pivot type between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

64
Q

What are the supporting structures of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Articular capsule

Articular disc

65
Q

Describe the significance of the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint.

A

It is triangular fibrocartilage. It is located between the ulna and the distal hand carpal bones so it is the reason why the ulna is not technically part of the wrist joint.

66
Q

What are the static supports of the wrist?

A
  • There are dorsal and ventral ligaments, don’t need to know all their names.
  • Radial collateral ligament
  • Ulnar collateral ligament
67
Q
  • The dorsal ligaments of the wrist are […] than the ventral ligaments of the wrist.
  • The radial collateral ligament of the wrist resists […] deviation.
  • The ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist resists […] deviation.
A
  • Weaker
  • Ulnar
  • Radial
68
Q

The metacarpalphalangeal joint (MCP) is shown below. What type of joint is this and what is its function?

A

Condyloid joint for flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

69
Q

The proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) are shown below. What type of joints are these and what are their actions?

A

Hinge joints

Flexion, extension

70
Q

If a person falls on an outstretched hand, where is injury most likely to occur?

A

The distal radius.

MSK (38 decks)

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