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Ortho ERIN > Upper extremity anatomy > Flashcards

Upper extremity anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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2
Q

Innervation of infraspinatous

A

suprascapular nerve

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3
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

axillary nerve

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4
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic

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5
Q

innervation of teres minor

A

axillary nerve

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6
Q

Which muscles make up the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatour
Infraspinatous
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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7
Q

What do the empty/full can tests assess for?

A

Impingment of rotator cuffs with acromium process

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8
Q

What deficits will someone with carpal tunnel syndrome have?

A

loss of motor to thumb
loss of flexion/extension of lateral lumbricals
loss of sensation to lateral fingers and thenar eminense

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9
Q

What bone is palpable in the snuff box?

A

Scaphoid

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10
Q

What supplies blood to the scaphoid?

A

radial artery (in retrograde manner)

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11
Q

Complications of scaphoid fracture?

A

Avascular necrosis and non-union

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12
Q

Dislocation of lunate may lead to what?

A

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome (lunate is attached to radius so other bones move back and lunate moves forward)

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13
Q

What attaches to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Wrist extensors

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14
Q

What attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Wrist flexors

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15
Q

Tennis elbow refers to waht?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

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16
Q

What is nursemaids elbow?

A

Radial head subluxation - annular ligament slips over head of radius, may occur when arm is extended and yanked

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17
Q

in general which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior forearm ?

A

median nerve

Exceptions: the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus are innervated by the ulnar nerve.

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18
Q

in general which nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior forearm?

A

Radial

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19
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior upper arm?

A

radial

20
Q

which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior upper arm?

A

musculocutaneous

21
Q

most common pediatric fracture?

A

supracondylar fracture - risk of brachial artery and median nerve injury

22
Q

causes of injury to axillary nerve?

A

fractured surgical neck of humerus

anterior dislocation of humerous

23
Q

presntation of axillary nerve injury?

A

flattened deltoid
loss of arm abduction
loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm

24
Q

cause of injury to radial nerve?

A

crutches, sleeping with arm over chair
Midshaft fracture
Repetitive pronation/supination

25
Q

Presentation of radial nerve injury

A

wrist drop
decreased grip strength
loss of sensaion over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand

26
Q

causes of injury to median nerve

A

Supracondylar fracture of humerus or carpal tunnel syndrome/wrist laceration

27
Q

Presentation of injury to medial nerve

A

Loss of wrist flexion, flexion of lateral ingers, thumb flexion and lumbricals of lateral fingers

Loss of sensation over thenar eminance and dorsal and palmas aspects of lateral three fingers

28
Q

Causes of injury to ulnar nerve

A

fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus

Fractured hook of hamate

29
Q

Presentation of ulnar nerve injury

A

ulnar claw
radial deviation of wrist
loss of wrist flexion, flexion of medial fingers and abducation/adducation of fingers
loss of sensation over medial 1 1/2 fingers including hypothenar eminance

30
Q

How would you injury the reccurent branch of the median nerve?

A

Superficial laceration of the palm

31
Q

How will a laceration of the reccurent branch of the median nerve present?

A 
ape hand (loss of thenar muscle group)
NO loss of sensation
32
Q

Which nerve roots are damaged in Erbs palsy?

A

C5, C6 roots (upper trunk)

33
Q

Causes of erbs palsy?

A

Lateral traction on neck during delivery of baby

In adults -trauma

34
Q

how does erbs palsy present?

A

arm internally rotated, adducted, pronated, elbow extended

“waiters tip”

35
Q

Which roots are damaged in klumpe palsy?

A

C8-T1 (lower roots)

36
Q

Causes of klumpe palsy?

A

Infants - upward force on arm during delivery

Adults- trauma such as grabbing a tree branch while falling

37
Q

Which muscles are affected in klumpe palsy?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

38
Q

Presentation of klumpe palsy?

A

Complete claw hand (all the lumbricals are damaged)

39
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Compression of the lower trunk and subclavian vessels, most commonly within the scalene triangle
Caused by cervical ribs or pancoast tumour
Presents the same as klumpe but may has have ischemia, pain, etc.

40
Q

Cause of winged scapula?

A

Damage to long thoracic nerve of bell (innervates serratus anterior)

41
Q

Presentation of winged scapula?

A

inability to anchor scapula to thoracic cage -cannot abduct arm above horizatal position

42
Q

What runs through guyons canal?

A

Ulnar nerve and ulnar artery

43
Q

Who commonly gets injury to guyons canal?

A

Cyclists

44
Q

How does injury to guyons canal present?

A

Loss of abducation/adduction of the fingers
Motor loss to little finger side (medial lumbrical/hypothenar)
sensory loss to medial fingers

45
Q

What is the motor supply to the muscles of the hand?

A

Ulnar nerve supplies everything except loaf:

Lumbricals (lateral)
Opponens pollicis
Abductor policies brevis
Flexor policies brevis

Ortho ERIN (8 decks)

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