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Ortho ERIN > lower extremity anatomy > Flashcards

lower extremity anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How do you injure the ACL

A

changing direction too quickly

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2
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

ACL, MCL and medial meniscus

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3
Q

how do you injure the PCL

A

Dashboard injury

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4
Q

McMurrary test - please explain

A

Tests for meniscus tears

popping on internal rotation: lateral meniscus tear

popping on external rotation: medial meniscus tear

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5
Q

Illiohypogastric nerve roots

A

T12 - L1

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6
Q

illiogypogastric nerve function

A

Motor - transversus abdominus and internal oblique

Sensory - suprapubic region

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7
Q

illiogypogastric nerve injury and presentation

A

Abdominal surgery

Px: burning or tingling in incision site radiating to the inguinal and suprapubic region

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8
Q

genitofemoral nerve roots

A

L1-L2

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9
Q

genitofemoral nerve function

A

Cremasteric reflex - motor to cremaster

Sensory to internal thigh, scrotum/labia majora

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10
Q

genitofermoral nerve injury cause and presentation

A

Laproscopic surgery

Loss of sensation on internal thigh and absent cremasteric reflex

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11
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve roots

A

L2 - L3

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12
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve function

A

Sensory - anterior and lateral thigh

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13
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve cause of injury and presentation

A

Tight clothing, obesity, pregnancy, pelvic procedures

-loss of sensation

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14
Q

Femoral nerve roots

A

L2,3,4

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15
Q

Femoral nerve function

A

Motor- quadriceps, iliacus, pectineious, sartorios

Sensory - anterior thigh, medial leg

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16
Q

Femoral nerve cause of injury and presentation

A

Pelvic fracture

Inability to extend leg

17
Q

sciatic nerve roots

A

L4 - S3

18
Q

sciatic nerve function

A

Innervates hamstrings and adductor magnus, splits into common perineal and tibial nerves

19
Q

sciatic nerve injury and presentaion

A

herniated disc, posterior hip dislocation

20
Q

Common peroneal nerve roots

A

L4 - S2

21
Q

Common peroneal nerve function

A

Splits into:

superficial perineal - motor - peroneus longus and brevus
Sensory to dorsum of foot

Deep peroneal nerve: - motor -anterior tibialis
Sensory - first webspace

22
Q

Common peroneal nerve injury and presentation

A

Trauma to lateral leg, fibular neck fracture

Foot drop, loss of sensation to dorsum of foot

23
Q

Tibial nerve roots

A

L4- S3

24
Q

Tibial nerve function

A

Motor - biceps femoris long head
- plantaris, popliteus, flexors of foot

Sensory - sole of foot

25
Q

Tibial nerve injury and presentation

A

Knee trauma, baker cyst, tarsal tunnel syndrome

Can’t stand on tip toes, cannot curl toas, loss of sensation to some
Foot everted at rest

26
Q

Superior gluteal nerve roots

A

L4 - S1

27
Q

Superior gluteal nerve function

A

Innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

28
Q

Cause of injury to superior gluteal nerve

A

Iatrogenic - needles must be placed in superomedial gluteal region

29
Q

Presentation of superior gluteal nerve injury

A

Trendelenburg Gait

30
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve roots

A

L5-S2

31
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve function

A

Motor - gluteus maximus

32
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve injury and presentation

A

posterior hip dislocation

Difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seating position, loss of hip extension

33
Q

Pudendal nerve roots

A

S2,3,4

34
Q

Pudendal nerve function

A

sensory - perineum

Motor - external urethral and anal sphinctors

35
Q

Pudendal nerve injury and presentation

A

stretch injury during childbirth

Decreased sensation in perineum and genital area, fecal or urinary incontinence

36
Q

Most common ankle sprain?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament (connects fibula and talus) and occurs from overinversion of the foot

37
Q

Sponylolishtesis meaning

A

Anterior displacment of vertebra

38
Q

Spinal stenosis pathophys

A

Narrowing of spinal canal with age due to shrinking of intervertebral discs
Leads to facet joint arthritis and hypertrophy of ligamentem flavum

39
Q

How does spinal stenosis present?

A

Neurogenic claudication - pain persists with rest when standing
flexed posture - improvement of symptoms

Ortho ERIN (8 decks)

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