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Ortho ERIN > MSB pathology > Flashcards

MSB pathology Flashcards

1
Q

How to treat trochanteric bursitis? (Inlammation of gluteal tendon and bursa lateral to greater trochanter)

A

NSAIDs, heat, stretching

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2
Q

Housemaids knee AKA..

A

prepateller bursitis

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3
Q

Causes of housemaids knee?

A

repeated trauma/pressure from excessive kneeling

Can be from gout/infection as well

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4
Q

What is a bakers cyst?

A

popliteal fluid collection that commonly communicates with synovial space

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5
Q

What pathologies is bakers cyst related to?

A

Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis

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6
Q

How does a rupture of a bakers cyst present?

A

similar to DVT

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7
Q

What is De Quervain tenosynovitis?

A

Thickening of abductor pollicis longus and extensor policies brevis. Pain or tenderness at radial styloid

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8
Q

What is a positive Finkelstein test

A

pain at radial styloid with active or passive stretch of thumb tendons

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9
Q

Presentation of gangliion cyst

A

fluid-filled swelling overlying joint or tendon sheeth, most commonly on dorsal side of wrists

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10
Q

Presentation of illiotibial band syndrome

A

pain at lateral femoral epicondyle from overuse of lateral knee (common in runners)

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11
Q

Limb compartment syndrome defining criteria

A

Difference than 30 mmhg or less between the tissue compartment and diastolic bp

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12
Q

Medial tibial stress syndrome presentation

A

Shin pain in runners and military recruits

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13
Q

Medial tibial stress syndrome aka

A

shin splints

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14
Q

Plantar fascitis

A

Inflammation of plantar aponeurosis characterized by heel pain - worse with first steps in the morning

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15
Q

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

Abnormal acetabulum development in newborns that results in hip instability/dislocation

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16
Q

What is the confirmatory test for developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

ULTRASOUND (not xray bc cartilage isn’t ossified)

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17
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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18
Q

who gets Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A

Children aged 5-7,more commonly males

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19
Q

What will the initial XRAY of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease look like?

A

Normal, initially

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20
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease (traction apophysitis)?

A

Overuse injury caused by repetitive strain and chronic avulsion of secondary ossification center of proximal tibial tubercle

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21
Q

Who gets Osgood-Schlatter disease ?

A

teengers after their growth spurt. Common in runners and jumping atheletes

22
Q

What is patellofemoral syndrome and who gets it?

A

overuse injury that commonly presents in young, female athletes as anterior knee pain
-gets worse with prolonged sitting or weight-bearing on flexed knee

23
Q

How to treat patellofemoral syndrome?

A

NSAIDs and thigh muscle strengthening

24
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis presentation?

A

Seen in obese preteens early adolescent children with hip/knee pain and altered gait

25
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis treatment

A

surgery

26
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

incomplete fracture following bending stress

27
Q

What is a torus fracture?

A

when the cortex buckles on one side due to compression

28
Q

Pathophys of achondroplasia

A

Constitutive activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibits chondrocyte proliferation -often from autosomal dominant mutation

29
Q

Osteoporosis pathophys

A

trabecular and cortical bone los mass and interconnections

  • due to increased bone resorption related to decreased estrogen and old age
  • may be secondary to drugs
30
Q

Which drugs may promote osteoporosis?

A

Steroids, alcohol, anticonvulsants, anticoagulatnts, etc.

31
Q

Why do many anticonvulsants promote bone loss?

A

They upregulate CYP450 which increases vit D breakdown

32
Q

Diagnosis of osteoporosis

A

DEXA scan with T-score <2.5 or by fragility fracture (hip or vertebra fracture from fall at normal height)

33
Q

Treatment of osteoporosis

A

bisphosphonates, teriparatide, SERMs, rarely calcitonin, denosumab

34
Q

Osteopetrosis pathophys

A

Defective osteoclasts lead to failure of normal bone resorption
->thickened, dense bones that are prone to fracture
Caused by mutations in carbonic anyhydrase II

35
Q

What mutation occurs in osteopetrosis?

A

Carbonic anyhdrase II

36
Q

Osteopetrosis complications

A

overgrowth of cortical bone fils. marrowspace –> pancytopenia, intramedullary hematopoiesis, may result in cranial nerve impingement and palsies

37
Q

Treatment for osteopetrosis

A

Bone marrow transplant - may be curative as osteoclasts derive from monocytes

38
Q

Infantile form of osteopetrosis inheritance

A

autosomal recessive

39
Q

Albers-Schonberg disease

A

autosomal dominant form of osteopetrosis

40
Q

Pathophys of osteomalacia/rickets

A

Defective mineralization of osteoid or cartilaginous growth plates

41
Q

Xray findings in osteomalacia

A

Looser zones (pseudofractures)

42
Q

Xray findings in rickets

A

epiphyseal widening and metaphyseal cupping/fraying

43
Q

clinical findings in children with rickets

A

Bow legs (genu varum), bead-like costochondral junctions(rachitic rosary), craniotabes (soft skull)

44
Q

Labratory findings in osteomalacia/rickets

A 
Low vitamin D
Low serum Ca
Increased PTH
Decreased serum phosphate
Increased ALP from osteoblasts
45
Q

Osteitis deformans aka

A

Pagets disease

46
Q

Pagets disease pathophys

A

Increased osteoclast and osteoblastic activity causes increased bone remodelling. Forms poor quality bone.

47
Q

Lab values in pagets disease

A

everything normal except increased ALP

48
Q

Complictions of pagets disease

A

Chalk stick fractures
High output heart failure (arteriovenous shunts)
Osteosarcoma
Hearing loss

49
Q

Four stages of pagets disease

A

Lytic - osteoclasts
Mixed - osteoclasts + osteoblasts
Sclerotic - osteoblasts
Quiescent - minimal osteoclast/osteoblast activity

50
Q

Treatment of pagets

A

bisphosphonates

Ortho ERIN (8 decks)

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