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Anatomy > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What does the scapular spine divide?

A

Divides dorsal surface intro supraspinous and infraspinous fossae

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2
Q

What is the acromial angle?

A

Where spine bends at spinoglenoid notch

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3
Q

Lateral border of scapula

A
  • From inferior angle to glenoid cavity

- widens superiorly as infraglenoid tubercle

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4
Q

Medial border of scapula

A

From inferior angle to superior angle

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5
Q

Superior border of the scapula

A

Superior angle to suprascapular notch

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6
Q

Inferior angle of scapula

A

Overlies 7th intercostal space (rib)

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7
Q

Superior angle of scapula

A

Medial to superior border

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8
Q

Lateral angle of scapula contains what?

A
  • glenoid cavity
  • glenohumeral joint
  • supra- and infraglenoid tubercles
  • an anatomical neck
  • surgical neck
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9
Q

Coracoid process

A
  • From top of head of scapula

- points laterally and anteriorly

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10
Q

Clavicle articulates with?

A

Manubrium of the sternum and acromion of scapula

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11
Q

Acromial end of clavicle

A

Flattened for articulation with acromion

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12
Q

Sternal end of clavicle

A

Enlarged for articulation with the manubrium of sternum and 1st costal cartilage

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13
Q

Shaft of cartilage

A
  • Medial 2/3 convex anteriorly

- lateral 1/3 concave anteriorly

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14
Q

Humerus

A

The arm or brachial extends from shoulder to elbow

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15
Q

Head of humerus articulates with?

A

Glenoid cavity– glenohumeral joint

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16
Q

What are the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus separated by?

A

Intertubercular groove/sulcus (aka bicipital groove)

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17
Q

Where is the anatomical neck?

A

Lies between the head and tubercles

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18
Q

Surgical neck of humerus

A

Lies at the beginning of the body or shaft, distal to the tubercles
-more likely region of breakage

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19
Q

Deltoid tuberosity

A
  • anterolateral “bump”

- insertion of deltoid muscle

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20
Q

Radial groove

A
  • aka spiral groove
  • posterior aspect
  • position of radial nerve
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21
Q

Trochlea of humerus articulates with?

A

Ulna

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22
Q

Where is the sulcus for ulnar nerve?

A

Lateral to trochlea in the deep groove

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23
Q

What does the capitulum articulate with?

A

Radius

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24
Q

What are the 2 parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A
  • conoid (more medial)

- trapezoid ligaments

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25
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor
-subscapularis
(SITS)

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26
Q

What deepens the glenoid cavity?

A

Fibrocartilaginous labrum

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27
Q

What is the weakest part of the articular capsule and why?

A
  • posterior part

- it isn’t supported by any ligaments

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28
Q

Ligaments of the shoulder

A
  • intrinsic ligaments of the capsule
  • glenohumeral ligaments
  • transverse humeral ligament
  • coracohumeral ligament
  • coracoacromial arch
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29
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior (Supraglenoid to neck and lesser tubercle)
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30
Q

Transverse humeral ligament covers what?

A

Intertubercular groove

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31
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

Strengthens superior part of capsule

32
Q

What makes up the coracoacromial arch?

A
  • coracoid process
  • coracoacromial ligament
  • acromion
33
Q

What is the purpose of the coracoacromial arch?

A

Prevents superior displacement of humerus

34
Q

Triangular space borders

A
  • tendon of long head of triceps
  • teres minor
  • Teres major
35
Q

What does the triangular space contain?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

36
Q

Quadrangular space boundaries

A
  • long head of triceps
  • teres major
  • teres minor
  • lateral head of triceps brachii
37
Q

What does the quadrangular space contain?

A
  • axillary nerve

- posterior circumflex humeral artery

38
Q

Triangular interval boundaries

A
  • teres major
  • long head of triceps brachii
  • lateral head of triceps brachii
39
Q

What does the triangular interval contain?

A
  • radial nerve

- deep brachial artery

40
Q

Triangle of auscultation borders

A
  • inferolateral edge of trapezius (lower fibers)
  • dorsomedial ledge of latissimus dorsi
  • medial border of the scapula
41
Q

What movement enlarges the triangle of auscultation? And what does this allow for?

A

Crossing the arm in front of the body

  • causes the intercostal spaces 6 and 7 to become subcutaneous
  • allowing for access to respiratory sounds
42
Q

The arterial supply that forms the anastomotic blood supply to the scapular region are branches of?

A

Subclavian artery or axillary artery (once it continues past the 1st rib)

43
Q

Subclavian artery branches off what on the right vs left?

A

Right: brachiocephalic trunk
Left: aortic arch

44
Q

What are the parts of the subclavian artery?

A

1) from origin to medial border of anterior scalene muscle
2) portion situated behind the anterior scalene
3) from anterior scalene’s lateral border to the outer border of the 1st rib

45
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery?

A
  • vertebral artery
  • internal thoracic artery
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • dorsal scapular artery
46
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply blood to?

A

Central nervous system

47
Q

Where is the vertebral artery located?

A
  • in the transverse foraminae of cervical vertebrae

- identified in the floor of the suboccipital triangle

48
Q

Internal thoracic artery supplies blood to?

A

The diaphragm

49
Q

What does internal thoracic artery anastomose with?

A

Intercostal arteries

50
Q

What does the thyrocervical trunk branch into?

A
  • inferior thyroid artery
  • suprascapular artery
  • transverse cervical artery
  • superficial scapular artery
51
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular artery arise from?

A
  • the 3rd part of subclavian artery

- may also arise as a branch of the thyrocervical trunk (then it is named transverse cervical artery)

52
Q

Axillary artery

A

-lateral extension of the subclavian artery past the lateral border of the 1st rib

53
Q

3 parts of the axillary artery

A

1) lateral border of 1st rib to medial border of pectoralis minor
2) portions situated posterior to pectoralis minor
3) from pectoralis minor’s lateral border to the inferior border of teres major where it becomes the brachial artery

54
Q

Main branches of the axillary artery are:

A
  • thoracoacromial trunk
  • lateral thoracic artery
  • subscapular artery
  • anterior circumflex humeral artery
  • posterior circumflex humeral artery
55
Q

Thoracoacromial trunk comes off?

A

The 2nd part of axillary artery

56
Q

What are the branches of the thoracoacromial trunk?

A
  • clavicular
  • acromial
  • deltoid
  • pectoral
57
Q

Lateral thoracic artery

A
  • Large in females

- lateral mammary branches to the mammary gland

58
Q

Subscapular artery comes off?

A
  • the axillary artery (usually 2nd part)

- largest branch

59
Q

What does subscapular artery branch into?

A

Circumflex scapular artery thru the triangular space

-continues as the thoracodorsal artery

60
Q

Where does the anterior circumflex humeral artery come from?

A

-the lateral side of the axillary artery (2nd to 3rd part)

61
Q

Where does the posterior circumflex humeral artery come from?

A

-3rd part posteriorly and goes around the posterior side of humerus thru quadrangular space to Ana Sato Mose with anterior circumflex humeral artery

62
Q

Which arteries are involved in the scapular anastomosis?

A
  • dorsal scapular
  • suprascapular
  • subscapular
  • circumflex scapular
  • branches of intercostal arteries
63
Q

Where do intercostal arteries come from?

A

The descending aorta

64
Q

The anastomosis around the head of the humerus involves?

A

The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

65
Q

Where do the nodes of the axilla carry lymph?

A

From upper extremity, back, and anterior surface of thorax and abdomen down to umbilicus

66
Q

What groups are the lymph nodes of the axilla divided into?

A
  • brachial or lateral
  • subscapular or posterior
  • pectoral or anterior
67
Q

How does lymphatic drainage enter the venous system?

A

Thru thoracic duct

68
Q

What can alter the flow pattern of lymphatic drainage?

A

Blockage!

-spread of metastatic cells takes place in this fashion

69
Q

Which muscles receive some branches from ventral rami and spinal accessory nerve?

A
  • trapezius

- sternocleidomastoid

70
Q

Winged scapula-cause and symptoms

A
  • damage to the long thoracic nerve
  • results in paralysis of serratus anterior
  • inability to abduct the arm above the horizontal or push with the arm
  • scapula is limited in superior rotation
71
Q

Damage to axillary nerve results in:

A
  • atrophy of deltoid muscle
  • pt is unable to maintain abduction of arm against resistance
  • roundness of shoulder is absent
72
Q

Damag to thoracodorsal nerve

A
  • paralysis of latissimus dorsi

- lats are unable to pull body toward humerus (in a closed chain action like pull-ups)

73
Q

Rotator cuff importance

A

Provides the main dynamic stability to glenohumeral joint

74
Q

The weakest support dynamically is when the rotator cuff is in what position? Why?

A
  • inferior

- lack of supporting tendons

75
Q

What tendon reinforces the superior aspect of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Supraspinatus tendon

76
Q

What tendon supports the posterior aspect of the GH joint?

A

Tendons of infraspinatus and teres minor

77
Q

What joint supports the anterior aspect of the GH joint?

A

Tendon of the subscapularis

Anatomy (11 decks)

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