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Anatomy > Mediastinum And Heart > Flashcards

Mediastinum And Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What limits the central compartment of the thoracic cavity?

A

Connective walls that separate this central region from the pleural cavities on either side
-it is continuous anteriorly/posteriorly from sternum and costal cartilages to the bodies of the vertebrae

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2
Q

Describe the superior portion of mediastinum

A
  • continuous with thoracic aperture

- attached inferiorly to the diaphragm

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3
Q

-Inferior part of mediastinum is subdivided into?

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior regions

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4
Q

What are the regions of the inferior part of the mediastinum separated by?

A

Pericardium (connective tissue)

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5
Q

What are the thoracic viscera located within the mediastinal regions?

A
  • esophagus
  • trachea
  • bifurcation to the primary bronchii
  • heart
  • origin of the great vessels
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6
Q

What part of the mediastinum is the pericardium?

A

Middle region of the inferior part of the mediastinum

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7
Q

What does the pericardium consist of?

A

-2 layers (tough outer latter and inner serous layer)

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8
Q

What tissue type is the tough outer layer of the pericardium?

A

Dense irregular CT

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9
Q

What type of epithelium is the inner serous layer of the pericardium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

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10
Q

What is the pericardium continuous with?

A
  • the tunica adventitia of the great vessels

- cervical fascia

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11
Q

Parietal epicardium

A
  • it is the inner layer of mesothelium

- it is reflected onto the heart as the visceral epicardium or outermost layer of the heart

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12
Q

What is the visceral epicardium adhered to?

A

The muscular myocardium (heart muscle)

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13
Q

How many layers of tissue is the heart made up of?

A

3

  • visceral epicardium (outermost)
  • myocardium
  • endocardium (innermost)
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14
Q

What is the myocardium made up of?

A

Cardiac branched striated muscle

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15
Q

How are cardiac sarcomeres attached to each other?

A
  • gap junctions

- Intercalated discs-allows for contraction in a widespread fashion

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16
Q

Functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart:

A
  • supports integrity of cusps and valves

- “insulator” of electrical activity allowing for directing of the depolarizing wave to the AV node `

17
Q

How does depolarizing wave spread from SA node to atria?

A

Gap junctions allow for spread of calcium

18
Q

Myogenic spread is limited to the atria by?

A

The fibrous skeleton

19
Q

Flow of deploarizing wave

A

SA node-atria-AV bundle (bundle of His), ventricles

20
Q

Papillary muscles

A
  • contract first in order to stabilize the 2 AV valves to resist prolapsed and regurgitation of blood back into atria
  • have strong connective tissue attachments to the CT of the cusps of AV valves (chordae tendinae)
21
Q

Muscular fiber ridges

A
  • mark the atrial and ventricular walls

- assist in complete contraction of walls of chambers

22
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

-mark the thin walled atria

23
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

Mark the thicker ventricular walls

24
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Attach papillary muscles to the cusps of the AV valves

25
Q

Where do the openings of the coronary arteries lie?

A

Behind the left and right cusps of the aortic valve

26
Q

What are the primary branches of the L coronary artery?

A
  • anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

- circumflex branch of the LCA

27
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A
  • marginal branch (travels along the right ventricle)

- terminal posterior interventricular branch

28
Q

Coronary veinous drainage

A
  • drainage parallels the arterial supply
  • Great cardiac vein in the interventricular groove (anterior)
  • Middle cardiac vein in the interventricular groove (posterior)
29
Q

Cardiac sinus

A
  • lies in the right AV sulcus posteriorly and drains into right atrium
  • small cardiac vein and marginal branch of RCA drain here
30
Q

What closes the aortic valve cusps?

A

The elasticity of the aorta pushing blood back toward the valve

31
Q

Closing of aortic valve causes what to happen?

A

-blood pools in the aortic sinuses of the L and R aortic cusps

32
Q

Elastic pressure causes what to occur?

A

Perfusion (flow or spread) of arterial blood into the coronary vessels

33
Q

Fossa ovale

A
  • remnant of fetal circulation
  • goes from R atrium to L atrium
  • blood didn’t need to go to lungs since it came oxygenated from placenta

Anatomy (11 decks)

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