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Anatomy > Axilla And Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Axilla And Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What does the axilla contain?

A
  • axillary artery, vein, and branches
  • infraclavicular parts of the brachial plexus and its branches
  • lymph nodes and vessels
  • loose adipose tissue
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2
Q

Apex

A
  • continues into the root of the neck between the external border of 1st rib, superior scapular border, posterior surface of the clavicle and medial aspect of the coracoid process
  • allows for passage of nerves and vessels into the axilla
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3
Q

Base

A
  • skin and thick layer of axillary fascia
  • between the inferior borders of the pectoral is major anteriorly and latissimus dorsi posteriorly
  • covered with hair in postpubertal persons
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4
Q

Anterior wall

A
  • formed by the pectoralis Major and minor and lateral part of clavicle
  • pec major covers the majority of the wall, pec minor covers its intermediate part
  • clavicle and underlying subclavius muscles are located near the apex
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5
Q

Posterior wall

A

Covered primarily by subscapularis, teres major intermediate, and latissimus dorsi inferiorly

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6
Q

Lateral wall

A

Anterior and posterior walls converge toward the insertion of the muscles of the intertubercular groove

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7
Q

Medial wall

A

Thoracic cage covered by serrated anterior muscle

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8
Q

Axillary artery supplies what?

A

Upper extremity

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9
Q

What does the main trunk of the axillary artery begin as?

A

Subclavian artery

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10
Q

What does subclavian artery pass before becoming the ‘axillary artery’?

A

the first rib

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11
Q

As the axillary artery passes out of the axilla, it becomes?

A

Brachial artery

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12
Q

Subclavian artery

A
  • On the right side, it branches off the brachiocephalic trunk
  • On the left side, it comes from the aortic arch
  • It is divided into 3 parts
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13
Q

Main branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries

A
  • vertebral artery
  • internal thoracic a.
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • dorsal scapular a.
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14
Q

Vertebral artery

A
  • Blood supply to CNS

- located in the transverse foraminae of cervical vertebrae

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15
Q

Internal thoracic artery

A
  • blood to diaphragm
  • anastomosis with intercostal a.
  • can be used in CABG surgery to anterior wall of heart
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16
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

A
  • usually from the 1st part of the subclavian a.

- branches into inferior thyroid a., suprascapular a., superficial cervical a., transverse cervical a.

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17
Q

What divides the axillary artery into 3 parts?

A

Pectoralis minor

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18
Q

3 main branches of the axillary artery

A
  • thoracoacromial a. (Trunk)
  • lateral thoracic a.
  • subscapular a.
  • anterior circumflex humeral a.
  • posterior circumflex humeral a.
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19
Q

Thoracoacromial a. (Trunk) branches

A
  • pectoral
  • acromial
  • clavicular
  • deltoid
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20
Q

Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial a.

A
  • lies between pec. Major and pec. Minor

- anastomotic with intercostal branches of internal thoracic and lateral thoracic a.

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21
Q

Acromial branch of thoracoacromial a. (Trunk)

A
  • crosses coracoid process under deltoid to supply deltoid

- anastomotic with suprascapular a., deltoid branch of thoracoacromial a., posterior circumflex humeral a.

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22
Q

Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial a. (Trunk)

A

To subclavius m.

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23
Q

Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial a. (Trunk)

A
  • crosses pec. Minor
  • supplies pec. Minor and deltoid
  • anastomotic with acromial branch
24
Q

Lateral thoracic artery

A
  • females have lateral mammary branches to mammary gland

- supplies pec major, pec minor, and serratus anterior

25
Q

Lateral thoracic artery anastomotic with?

A

Internal thoracic, subscapular, intercostal a., and pectoral branches of thoracoacromial a.

26
Q

Subscapular artery

A
  • largest branch of axillary
  • branches into circumflex scapular a.
  • supplies scapular muscles via scapular anastomosis
27
Q

What does subscapular artery anastomose with?

A

Lateral thoracic and intercostal aa., and deep branch of transverse cervical

28
Q

What scapular muscles are supplied by subscapular artery?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • subscapularis
  • teres major and minor
  • posterior part of deltoid
  • latissimus dorsi
  • some of the long head of triceps
29
Q

What is the terminal branch of the subscapular artery?

A

Thoracodorsal artery to the latissimus dorsi

30
Q

Anterior circumflex humeral artery

A
  • from the lateral side of the axillary a.
  • behind coracobrachialis and short head of biceps
  • supplies humeral head and glenohumeral joint
31
Q

Anterior circumflex humeral artery anastomoses with?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

32
Q

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

A
  • goes around the posterior side of humerus thru quadrangular space
  • supplies the GH joint, deltoid, teres major and minor, and long and lateral heads of triceps brachii
33
Q

Posterior circumflex humeral artery anastomoses with?

A
  • anterior circumflex humeral a.
  • branches of suprascapular and thoracoacromial trunk
  • descending branches anastomose with branches of the brachial a.
34
Q

Cephalic vein location

A
  • Over the anatomical snuff box

- ascends laterally to the cubital fossa

35
Q

Median cubital vein

A
  • medially directed branch of the cephalon vein
  • joins the basilic vein on medial side of arm
  • continues up lateral side of arm to empty in the axillary vein thru the deltopectoral groove (near acromion)
36
Q

Which vein is common for venupuncture?

A

The medial cubital vein

37
Q

Basilic vein

A
  • begins medially on the dorsum of the hand

- ascending and wrapping on the anteromedial surface of the arm (receives median cubital vein here)

38
Q

What vein becomes the axillary vein?

A

Basilic vein

-by perforating deep fascia just distal to the axilla, where it is paired with the axillary artery

39
Q

Median vein of the forearm

A
  • ascends on the medial (ulnar) side of the forearm
  • joins the basilic and median cubital veins on the distal end of the anteromedial surface of the arm
  • 2nd choice for blood donations
40
Q

The brachial plexus is the union of?

A
  • lower 4 cervical primary ventral rami (C5-C8)

- large portion of the 1st thoracic primary ventral ramus

41
Q

Major “parts” of the brachial plexus

A
  • Roots
  • Trunks
  • Divisions
  • Cords
42
Q

Roots of the brachial plexus

A
  • ventral rami of C5-T1

- located in the root of the neck

43
Q

What roots of the brachial plexus combine to form the upper trunk?

A

C5, C6

44
Q

What forms the middle trunk?

A

C7

45
Q

What combines to form the lower trunk?

A

C8, T1

46
Q

Each trunk divides into what?

A

-an anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) division

47
Q

Where do the divisions of the brachial plexus take place?

A

At the level of the clavicle

48
Q

What forms the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

The union of the divisions

49
Q

Lateral cord of brachial plexus

A

-formed by combining the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunk
(Lateral to the axillary artery)

50
Q

Medial cord of brachial plexus

A

-formed by continuation of the anterior division of the lower trunk
(Descends behind and then medial to the axillary artery)

51
Q

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

-formed by combining the posterior divisions of all 3 trunks
(Behind the axillary artery)

52
Q

Branches of brachial plexus are designated as either….?

A

-supraclavicular or infraclavicular depending on their relative position to the clavicle

53
Q

Supraclavicular from roots:

A
  • phrenic n.
  • dorsal scapular n.
  • long thoracic n.
54
Q

Supraclavicular from trunks:

A
  • n. to subclavius

- suprascapular n.

55
Q

Infraclavicular from lateral cord:

A
  • lateral pectoral n.
  • musculocutaneous n.
  • lateral part of median n.
56
Q

Infraclavicular from medial cord:

A
  • medial pectoral n.
  • medial cutaneous n. of forearm
  • medial cutaneous n. of arm
  • ulnar n.
  • medial part of median n.
57
Q

Infraclavicular from posterior cord:

A
  • upper subscapular n.
  • thoracodorsal n.
  • lower subscapular n.
  • axillary n.
  • radial n.

Anatomy (11 decks)

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