Upper Extremities Part 2: The Forearm Flashcards
What types of muscles are located in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexors
Pronators
What two nerves innervate the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Median
Ulnar
What types of muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extensors
Supinators
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial
The interosseous membrane of the forearm connects the radius and the ulna. What passes through here anterior to posterior?
Anterior Interosseous Artery
Name the Superficial Wrist Flexors.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Pronator Teres
The muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm allow for what?
Wrist and Finger Flexion and Pronation
What is the largest muscle of the Deep Anterior Compartment of the forearm and flexes the MCP and PIP joint of 4 fingers?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
What is the only muscle that can flex the DIP joint of the fingers and is needed for a strong grip?
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
What muscles allows for flexion of the thumb?
Flexor Pollicis Longus
What muscle is the prime mover of pronation but recruits pronator teres when speed and power are needed?
Pronator Quadratus
Fascial compartment generally ends at the joints, thus containing the spread of infection and fluids. Except the anterior compartment has communication with the central compartment of the palm via what?
Carpal Tunnel
Muscles that flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist. Is also used as a guide to the radial artery. (Radial artery lies lateral to this muscle)
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Muscle that is absent in 14% of the population. Serves as guide for the median nerve. (Lies deep and slightly medial to the median nerve)
Palmaris Longus
Muscle that is a guide for the Ulnar nerve and Ulnar artery which are lateral to the tendon at the wrist.
Flexor Capri Ulnaris
How many muscles are located in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
8
How many muscles are located in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
11
What holds the muscles in place in the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm?
Palmar Carpal Ligament
Flexor Retinaculum
Why are the flexors in the anterior compartment of the forearm more massive than the extensors?
They work against gravity
What holds the tendons in place in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extensor Retinaculum
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial Nerve
Name the superficial extensors of the forearm in the posterior compartment.
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
What three muscles make of the “Mobile Wad of Henry”
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
What muscle of the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm is actually a flexor of the elbow?
Brachioradialis
What two muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm abduct and extend the wrist?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
What muscle may be fused with the Extensor Digitorum Minimi
Extensor Digitorum
What muscle of the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm adduct and extend the wrist?
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
What condition is the result forth repetitive use of the superficial extensor muscles?
Lateral Epicondylitis
(Tennis Elbow)
What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?
Supinator
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Indices
What muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm extends all joints of the thumb?
Extensor Pollicis Longus
What muscle of deep posterior compartment of the forearm extends at the MCP and CMP joints in the thumb?
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
What muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearms abducts the thumb?
Abductor Pollicis Longus
What muscle allows the index finger to be independent of other fingers during extension?
Extensor Indicies
What other muscle does supination of the hand other than the Supinator?
Biceps Brachii
What landmarks make up the Cubital Fossa?
Medial Epicondyle
Pronator Teres
Brachioradialis
What 2 tendons form the anatomical snuff box?
Extensor Pollicis Brevis (Palmar)
Extensor Pollicis Longus (Dorsal)
Location where both the Ulnar Artery and Ulnar Nerve pass through.
Guyon’s Canal
(Ulnar Tunnel)
What happens if the median nerve is compressed at the wrist?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
What is the most common location of Ulnar Nerve Injury?
Posterior to Medial Epicondyle
(Funny Bone)
A fracture of the medial epicondyle may cause compression also known as what?
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Results from the DIP joint being forced into extreme flexion.
Mallet or Baseball Finger
