Joints of the Lower Extremity

Question 1

Attached to the rim of the acetabulum and completely surrounds the head of the femur and increases the depth of the socket.

Answer 1

Labrum

Question 2

What artery sends a branch thru the acetabular notch of the femur and into the ligamentum teres to the head of the femur?

Answer 2

Obturator Artery

Question 3

Covers the inside of the capsule, acetabular labrum and attaches to the edge of the acetabular fossa and covers the ligamentum teres.

Answer 3

Synovial Membrane

Question 4

Are hip dislocations usually anterior or posterior?

Answer 4

Posterior (90%)

Question 5

How does a posterior hip dislocation present?

Answer 5

Flexed
Internally Rotated
Adducted

Question 6

What arteries supply the Hip Joint?

Answer 6

Femoral Circumflex Arteries
Profunda Femoris Artery

Question 7

What arteries wind around the femur and anastomose with the gluteal branches in the buttocks?

Answer 7

Femoral Circumflex Arteries

Question 8

What artery passes between the Pectineus and Adductor Longus

Answer 8

Profunda Femoris Artery

Question 9

What two factors cause a high incidence of complications of the healing of a femur fracture?

Answer 9

Precarious Vascular Supply
Difficult Stable Fixation of the Fracture

Question 10

When an elderly patient states they “broke their hip” where is the fracture most likely occurring?

Answer 10

Femoral Neck

Question 11

Could blood supply be disrupted if the fracture occurs at the Femoral Neck?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

An intertrochanteric fracture is considered extracapsular while a femoral neck fracture is intracapsular. Which type of fracture will have not have the blood supply disrupted?

Answer 12

Extracapsular

Question 13

What type of joint is the Knee Joint?

Answer 13

Hinge Joint

Question 14

Ligament in the knee that connects the apex of the Patella with the Tibial Tuberosity. Approximately 8cm long.

Answer 14

Patellar Ligament

Question 15

Connects the Lateral Femoral Epicondyle to the head of the Fibula

Answer 15

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Question 16

Connects the Medial Femoral Epicondyle to the medial condyle and upper part of the medial surface of the Tibia.

Answer 16

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Question 17

Anterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia. Runs upwards and backwards and lateral attaching to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle.

Answer 17

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Question 18

Attached to the posterior aspect of the intercondylar eminence of the Tibia. Strong than the ACL.

Answer 18

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Question 19

C-shaped pad of cartilage in the knee that acts as a shock absorber.

Answer 19

Meniscus

Question 20

The coronary ligaments contain blood vessels that supply the periphery of the Menisci and leaves the central portion avascular. What consequence does this have?

Answer 20

No healing after Injury

Question 21

Which Menisci is more susceptible to injury?

Answer 21

Medial Meniscus

Question 22

If a patient takes a hockey puck at 500 mph due to it being shot by the greatest hockey player of all time (Wayne Gretzky) what two structures are likely to be injured?

Answer 22

MCL
Medial Meniscus

Question 23

An Unhappy Triad comprised of three types of soft tissue injury that frequently tend to occur simultaneously in knee injuries.

Answer 23

O’Donoghue Unhappy Triad
- ACL
- MCL
- Medial Meniscus

Question 24

Inflammation of the fluid filled sack at the front of the Kneecap between the Patella and the skin.

Answer 24

Prepatellar Bursa
(Housemaid’s Knee)

Question 25

Inflammation of the fluid filled sack below the Kneecap.

Answer 25

Infrapatellar Bursa
(Parson’s Knee)

Question 26

Conjoined tendons at the medial aspect of the knee that insert into the anteromedial aspect of the tibia and usually causes pain along the medial knee. Not associated with trauma.

Answer 26

Pes Anserine

Question 27

Dislocation of this joint usually occurs laterally and in young females and women. A common symptom is acute pain after direct contact or a sudden change of direction.

Answer 27

Patellar Dislocation

Question 28

Most common bursitis of the knee that presents with swelling and inflammation of the anterior portion. Commonly seen in wrestler and those who kneel excessively. 20% of cases are septic.

Answer 28

Prepatellar Bursitis

Question 29

Ligament found on the medial side of the ankle joint. Joins the medial malleolus to the talus.

Answer 29

Deltoid Ligament

Question 30

What are the three parts of the deltoid ligament?

Answer 30

Posterior Tibiotalar
Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal

Question 31

The ankle joint is the least stable in what position?

Answer 31

Plantar Flexed Position

Question 32

Do most sprained ankles occurs due to inversion or eversion strain?

Answer 32

Inversion

Question 33

What ligament is damaged with an inversion ankle joint sprain?

Answer 33

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Question 34

Apparent loss of the medial arch when the foot is held in some eversion or dorsiflexion.

Answer 34

Flat Feet

Question 35

Pain along the inner distal 2/3 of the tibial shaft.

Answer 35

Shin Splints

Question 36

What is the primary cause of Shin Splints?

Answer 36

Repetitive pulling of the Tibialis Posterior Tendon

Question 37

What is caused by excessive contraction of the anterior compartment of muscles and results in pain over the muscles that radiates down the ankle and dorsum of the foot overlying the extensor tendons?

Answer 37

Anterior Compartment Syndrome

Question 38

Excessively weak mobile ankle joints in which hyperextension irritates the lateral muscles.

Answer 38

Lateral Compartment Syndrome

Question 39

Name the Five P’s of Compartment Syndrome

Answer 39

Pain
Pallor
Paresis
Paresthesia
Pulseless