Joints of the Lower Extremity Flashcards
Attached to the rim of the acetabulum and completely surrounds the head of the femur and increases the depth of the socket.
Labrum
What artery sends a branch thru the acetabular notch of the femur and into the ligamentum teres to the head of the femur?
Obturator Artery
Covers the inside of the capsule, acetabular labrum and attaches to the edge of the acetabular fossa and covers the ligamentum teres.
Synovial Membrane
Are hip dislocations usually anterior or posterior?
Posterior (90%)
How does a posterior hip dislocation present?
Flexed
Internally Rotated
Adducted
What arteries supply the Hip Joint?
Femoral Circumflex Arteries
Profunda Femoris Artery
What arteries wind around the femur and anastomose with the gluteal branches in the buttocks?
Femoral Circumflex Arteries
What artery passes between the Pectineus and Adductor Longus
Profunda Femoris Artery
What two factors cause a high incidence of complications of the healing of a femur fracture?
Precarious Vascular Supply
Difficult Stable Fixation of the Fracture
When an elderly patient states they “broke their hip” where is the fracture most likely occurring?
Femoral Neck
Could blood supply be disrupted if the fracture occurs at the Femoral Neck?
Yes
An intertrochanteric fracture is considered extracapsular while a femoral neck fracture is intracapsular. Which type of fracture will have not have the blood supply disrupted?
Extracapsular
What type of joint is the Knee Joint?
Hinge Joint
Ligament in the knee that connects the apex of the Patella with the Tibial Tuberosity. Approximately 8cm long.
Patellar Ligament
Connects the Lateral Femoral Epicondyle to the head of the Fibula
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Connects the Medial Femoral Epicondyle to the medial condyle and upper part of the medial surface of the Tibia.
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Anterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia. Runs upwards and backwards and lateral attaching to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Attached to the posterior aspect of the intercondylar eminence of the Tibia. Strong than the ACL.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
C-shaped pad of cartilage in the knee that acts as a shock absorber.
Meniscus
The coronary ligaments contain blood vessels that supply the periphery of the Menisci and leaves the central portion avascular. What consequence does this have?
No healing after Injury
Which Menisci is more susceptible to injury?
Medial Meniscus
If a patient takes a hockey puck at 500 mph due to it being shot by the greatest hockey player of all time (Wayne Gretzky) what two structures are likely to be injured?
MCL
Medial Meniscus
An Unhappy Triad comprised of three types of soft tissue injury that frequently tend to occur simultaneously in knee injuries.
O’Donoghue Unhappy Triad
- ACL
- MCL
- Medial Meniscus
Inflammation of the fluid filled sack at the front of the Kneecap between the Patella and the skin.
Prepatellar Bursa
(Housemaid’s Knee)
Inflammation of the fluid filled sack below the Kneecap.
Infrapatellar Bursa
(Parson’s Knee)
Conjoined tendons at the medial aspect of the knee that insert into the anteromedial aspect of the tibia and usually causes pain along the medial knee. Not associated with trauma.
Pes Anserine
Dislocation of this joint usually occurs laterally and in young females and women. A common symptom is acute pain after direct contact or a sudden change of direction.
Patellar Dislocation
Most common bursitis of the knee that presents with swelling and inflammation of the anterior portion. Commonly seen in wrestler and those who kneel excessively. 20% of cases are septic.
Prepatellar Bursitis
Ligament found on the medial side of the ankle joint. Joins the medial malleolus to the talus.
Deltoid Ligament
What are the three parts of the deltoid ligament?
Posterior Tibiotalar
Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
The ankle joint is the least stable in what position?
Plantar Flexed Position
Do most sprained ankles occurs due to inversion or eversion strain?
Inversion
What ligament is damaged with an inversion ankle joint sprain?
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
Apparent loss of the medial arch when the foot is held in some eversion or dorsiflexion.
Flat Feet
Pain along the inner distal 2/3 of the tibial shaft.
Shin Splints
What is the primary cause of Shin Splints?
Repetitive pulling of the Tibialis Posterior Tendon
What is caused by excessive contraction of the anterior compartment of muscles and results in pain over the muscles that radiates down the ankle and dorsum of the foot overlying the extensor tendons?
Anterior Compartment Syndrome
Excessively weak mobile ankle joints in which hyperextension irritates the lateral muscles.
Lateral Compartment Syndrome
Name the Five P’s of Compartment Syndrome
Pain
Pallor
Paresis
Paresthesia
Pulseless
