Lower Extremity: Bones and Muscles

Question 1

Where is the center of gravity located at in the body?

Answer 1

Anterior to the edge of S2 vertebra

Question 2

What muscle is the most powerful hip flexor?

Answer 2

Iliopsoas
(psoas major + iliacus)

Question 3

What muscle is the most powerful hip extensor?

Answer 3

Gluteus Maximus

Question 4

What two muscles are the most powerful hip abductors?

Answer 4

Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus

Question 5

When the foot is lifted off the ground while walking, what are the hip abductors doing?

Answer 5

actively stabilizing the contralateral hip

Question 6

What position is the ankle most stable in?

Answer 6

Dorsiflexed

Question 7

What is it called when the sole of foot moves to face the midline?

Answer 7

Inversion

Question 8

What is it called when the sole of the foot is moved to face away from the midline?

Answer 8

Eversion

Question 9

Clinical term for knock knee

Answer 9

Genu Valgum

Question 10

Clinical term for bowleg

Answer 10

Genu Varus

Question 11

What bone is the main weight bearer of the leg?

Answer 11

Tibia

Question 12

Bone in the leg that bears no weight and provides stability of the ankle joint.

Answer 12

Fibula

Question 13

Group of seven bones in the foot that make up the mid-foot and hind-foot.

Answer 13

Tarsals

Question 14

Fracture of this bone occurs when the sole of the foot is heavily compressed. Such as when falls that land on the heel.

Answer 14

Talus

Question 15

What is the most common site of fracture of the Talus?

Answer 15

Talar Neck

Question 16

This bone is also known as your heel bone and is the most common tarsal fracture.

Answer 16

Calcaneus

Question 17

Miniature long bones found in the foot.

Answer 17

Metatarsals

Question 18

Each of the lateral four toes has how many phalanges?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

How many phalanges does the great toe have?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

A buildup of uric acid in the joint. Typically caused by an under excretion of urate by the kidneys.

Answer 20

Gout

Question 21

Where in the foot is Gout most commonly found?

Answer 21

1st Metatarsal

Question 22

Small sac with a synovial lining that normally contains fluid to reduce friction on a tendon passing over a bone.

Answer 22

Bursae

Question 23

What four things are contained in the Femoral Triangle?

Answer 23

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Question 24

What are the three borders that make up the femoral triangle?

Answer 24

Sartorius (lateral)
Adductor Longus (medial)
Inguinal Ligament (superior)

Question 25

Chief artery of the lower limb.

Answer 25

Femoral Artery

Question 26

What artery is the Femoral Artery a continuation of?

Answer 26

External Iliac Artery

Question 27

Where does the femoral artery exit the adductor canal thru?

Answer 27

Adductor Hiatus

Question 28

What does the femoral artery become when it exits the adductor hiatus?

Answer 28

Popliteal Artery

Question 29

What is the largest branch of femoral artery and the chief artery of the thigh?

Answer 29

Profunda Femoris

Question 30

What are the three branches of the Profunda Femoris?

Answer 30

Perforating
Medial Circumflex
Lateral Circumflex

Question 31

What is the largest branch of the lumbar nerve plexus?

Answer 31

Femoral Nerve

Question 32

Where at in the femoral triangle is Femoral Nerve found?

Answer 32

Lateral to Femoral Vessels

Question 33

Terminal branch of the Femoral nerve that descends thru femoral triangle and accompanies the femoral artery and vein through the adductor canal.

Answer 33

Saphenous Nerve

Question 34

Artery that supplies the head of the femur. This artery stems from the internal iliac artery.

Answer 34

Obturator Artery

Question 35

Located below the femoral triangle, this space contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and saphenous nerve.

Answer 35

Adductor Canal

Question 36

What artery is easily approached through the adductor canal for surgery?

Answer 36

Femoral Artery