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Anatomy Unit 3 > Lower Extremity Imaging > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Mature bone cells.

A

Osteocytes

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2
Q

Secrete osteoid or the organic component of bone. Builds new bone.

A

Osteoblasts

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3
Q

Secrete acids to remove bony matrix

A

Osteoclasts

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4
Q

Type of bone that is more capable of resisting stress

A

Spongy Bone

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5
Q

Where do most bone metastases begin?

A

Red Marrow
- then progress outward

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6
Q

Hollow tube that consist of compact bone.

A

Diaphysis

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7
Q

Ends of the bone.

A

Epiphyses

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8
Q

What is contained in the Epiphyses?

A

Yellow Marrow
(Inactive)

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9
Q

Site that eventually separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis and is the site of new bone growth.

A

Epiphyseal Plate

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10
Q

What are the ABCS of looking at Bones on X-Ray?

A

Adequacy and Alignment
Bones
Cartilage
Soft Tissue

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11
Q

How many views should be present to have Adequacy when looking at X-Rays?

A

3 Views
(must have at least 2)

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12
Q

An injury in the foot that occurs under axial load. Dorsal dislocation of the second metatarsal.

A

Lisfranc Injury

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13
Q

Fractures that are not visible on imaging.

A

Occult Fracture

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14
Q

What are the classic examples of Occult Fractures

A

Distal Radius Fracture
Neck of Femur Fracture
Radial Head Fracture
Scaphoid Fracture
Supracondylar Fracture

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15
Q

Fracture of the radial head may show what sign on a X-Ray?

A

Sail Sign

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16
Q

What are the 4 anatomical classes of bone?

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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17
Q

What type of fracture is seen exclusively in children?

A

Greenstick Fracture

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18
Q

A simple, non-complicated fracture with no skin wounds at or near the fracture site.

A

Closed Fracture

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19
Q

A complicated fracture with a skin wound a possible protrusion of bony fragment.

A

Open Fracture

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20
Q

A fracture that runs horizontally. Also known as a complete fracture.

A

Transverse Fracture

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21
Q

What is an example of a bone that commonly experiences transverse fractures?

A

Tibia

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22
Q

Occurs when the ends of the broken bone are no longer aligned.

A

Displaced Fracture

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23
Q

Term used to describe medial angulation.

A

Varus

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24
Q

Term used to describe lateral angulation.

A

Valgus

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25
Q

Proximal migration of the distal fracture component results in decreased overall bone fracture.

A

Shortening Fracture

26
Q

Is a an oblique or transverse fracture more likely to have shortening?

A

Oblique

27
Q

Fracture where the bone is crushed. Almost always vertebral.

A

Compression Fracture

28
Q

Fractures that occur when one end of an extremity is fixed but the rest of the extremity remains in motion.

A

Spiral Fracture

29
Q

Accidental Spiral Fractures of the Tibia are common in preschool children who fall short distances onto an extended leg and often called what?

A

Toddler’s Fractures

30
Q

Areas of cartilage located near the ends of bone. They are the last portion of a child’s bones to harden (ossify) and are particularly vulnerable to fracture.

A

Growth Plates

31
Q

What percentage of all childhood fractures are growth plate fractures?

A

15-30%

32
Q

What types of bone are growth plates found in?

A

Long Bones

33
Q

How many growth plates are located in long bones?

A

2

34
Q

Fractures that break through the bone at the growth plate, separating the bone end from the bone shaft and completely disrupting the growth plate.

A

Salter-Harris Type I

35
Q

Fractures that break through part of the bone at the growth plate and crack through the bone shaft as well. This is the most common type of growth plate fracture.

A

Salter-Harris Type II

36
Q

Fractures that cross through a portion of the growth plate and break off a piece of the bone end. This type of fracture is more common in older children.

A

Salter-Harris Type III

37
Q

Fractures that break through the bone shaft, the growth plate, and the end of the bone.

A

Salter-Harris Type IV

38
Q

Fracture that occur due to a crushing injury to the growth plate from a compression force. Rare type of fracture.

A

Salter-Harris Type V

39
Q

Fracture that results in more than 2 separate fragments.

A

Comminuted Fracture

40
Q

Comminuted fracture from 2 oblique fracture that form a specific shape.

A

Butterfly Fracture

41
Q

Type of Comminuted Fracture where segments of the bone have separated from both the proximal and distal portion of the tibial and fibular shafts.

A

Segmental Fracture
(Tibia and Fibula)

42
Q

A fracture that is usually seen in young children and are an incomplete break.

A

Greenstick Fracture

43
Q

A fracture of the lower end of the Fibula and medial malleolus of the Tibia. Often occurs in association with a rolled ankle.

A

Pott’s Fracture

44
Q

A fracture where a distal fragment of the radius overrides the rest of the bone. Most commonly results from a fall on an outstretched dorsiflexed hand. Characteristic “Dinner Fork” deformity.

A

Colles’ Fracture

45
Q

Fracture where the distal radial fragment is tested into a posterior angulated and be displaced ventrally. Also known as a Reverse Colles’. Occurs due to a direct blow to the dorsal forearm or falling onto flexed wrists.

A

Smith’s Fracture

46
Q

When looking at imaging of an elbow, what is never considered to be normal?

A

Posterior Fat Pad

47
Q

Order of Ossification of the Elbow Joint
(CRITOE)

A

Capitellum
Radial Head
Internal or Medial Epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External or Lateral Epicondyle

48
Q

What are the two specific markers of alignment when looking at elbow imaging?

A

Anterior Humeral Line
Radiocapitellar Line

49
Q

If a line drawn along the front of the humerus does not intersect the middle or anterior third of the capitellum, what should you suspect?

A

Supracondylar Fracture

50
Q

If a line drown through the middle of the radius does not pass through the middle of the capitellum, what should you suspect?

A

Radial Head Dislocation

51
Q

What are the two most common causes of elbow joint effusion? (Fat Pads)

A

Radial Head Fracture
Radial Neck Fracture

52
Q

An elevated anterior fat pad is called what?

A

Sail Sign

53
Q

What is the most common cause of Elbow Joint Effusion in kids?

A

Supracondylar Fracture

54
Q

What is the most commonly fractured metatarsal?

A

5th Metatarsal

55
Q

What is a fracture of the 5th metatarsal called?

A

Jones Fracture

56
Q

Type of bimalleolar ankle fracture

A

Dupuytren Fracture

57
Q

Type of imaging that applies a varying magnetic field to the body and aligns atoms. Used to look at soft tissue.

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

58
Q

What may be used as an IV agent during an MRI?

A

Gadolinium

59
Q

In this type of MRI, fat appears white or bright and water or CSF is dark.

A

T1 MRI

60
Q

In this type of MRI, fat is dark and blood, edema, and CSF appear white.

A

T2 MRI

61
Q

What are two advantages of MRI

A

Exquisite views of CNS and stationary soft tissues
No use of ionizing radiation

Anatomy Unit 3 (8 decks)

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