Upper extremities and shoulder Flashcards
Name the 8 bones of the upper extremity and the shoulder girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What is the shoulder region made up of?
Scapula
Clavicle
Proximal parts of the upper half of the humerus
Describe the features of the clavicle
Positioned just above the rib cage.
Floating bone.
Connected to the sternum via the sternal facet and via the acromial end to the acromion of the scapula.
Deltoid tubercle: indicates where the deltoid muscles attaches to.
Describe features of the humerus, ulna and radius
Synovial joint
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
In the humerus there is a groove for the ulnar nerve.
The ulna contains the olecranon which attaches itself within the olecranon fossa.
Describe the connections and movements of the radius
The radius connects the humerus with a flat head.
It allows the arm to rotate when it changes from pronation to supination.
Describe the connections and movements of the ulna
The ulna connects the humerus via the olecranon.
To bend the arm the ulna moves across the humerus.
What are the names of the tubercles found within the humerus?
Greater tubercule
Lesser tubercle
What does it mean for the greater and lesser tubercle to be located close to each other?
They form little groups called the intertubercular sulcus which plays a large role in keeping the bicep in place.
Describe features of the scapula
Acromion: where the clavicle connects.
Coracoid process: hovers over the chest cavity
Explain the position of the radius and ulna in the pronate position
Radius and ulna twist round each other. The radius moves over the ulna.
Name the three bones in the hand
Carpals
Metacarpal bones
Phalanges
How many phalanges does the thumb have?
2
(proximal and distal)
How many phalanges do the fingers have?
3
(proximal, middle and distal)
Name the 7 muscles in the shoulder girdle
Levator scapulae
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Rhomboid major/minor
Teres major
Deltoid
Describe the levator scapulae
Attaches itself to C1, C2, and the transverse process, C3, and the upper ridge of the scapula.
By contracting it is able to lift up the scapula.
Describe the rhomboid minor/major
Attach to the medial edge of the scapula.
When these contracts it pulls the scapula inwards, pulls the shoulder back and opens up the chest.
Describe the deltoid
Attached off the scapulae.
Made of three parts (which all attach at the deltoid tuberculosis); clavicle, acromial and spinal.
Describe the teres major
Involved in pulling motions.
Attached to the scapula and humerus.
Wraps around the back of the scapula.
Involved in abduction. It attaches closer to the inferior angle.
Name the two parts of the trapezius
Ascending transverse part
Descending part
Describe the pectoralis major
Three parts (clavicle head, sternocostal head and abdominal part) which all merge together and attach to the tubercle of the humerus.
Involved in moving our shoulders and any pressing motion.
Describe the pectoralis minor
Attachment point is on the coracoid process of the scapula and then attaches itself on the 2nd, 3rd, 4/5th rib.
Plays a role in pressing motions.
Describe the serratus anterior
Inserts itself on the first 9 ribs
Involved in pulling motions
What is the role of the rotator cuff?
Shoulder mobility
Describe the teres minor
Attaches itself on the lateral border of the scapula and close to the greater tuberculin on the humerus.
Describe the supraspinatus
Above the spine
Works partly in conjunction with the deltoid where we can abduct our arm.
Describe the subscapularis
Covers the entire inside of the shoulder blade.
Lies in between the shoulder blade and the back of the thorax.
Inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
Describe the infraspinatus
Found below the spine.
Involved in rotating your arm outwards and pulling the arm backwards
Name the proximal arm muscles that work in synergy to flex the elbow
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Cora brachialis
Describe the biceps brachii
Contains two muscles.
Both the head and short head attach to the acromion.
Long head also attaches to the coracoid process.
Describe the brachialis
Cups the bicep.
Attaches to the deltoid tubercles and extends onto the ulna.
When it contracts it creates flexion in the arm.
Describe the brachioradialis
Attaches much further down the forearm
Describe the coracobrachialis
Attaches itself to the acromion and medial side of the humerus
Name the proximal arm muscles that work in synergy to extend the arm
Triceps brachii
Describe the triceps brachii
Contains three different heads (lateral, long and medial)
The lateral and medial head attach to the humerus.
The long head attaches itself to the posterior side of the clavicle. Is involved in extension of the elbow as well as moving the arm backwards.
Name the distal arm muscles related to flexion of the fingers and describe the movements they produce.
Pronator teres: pronation of the hand
Flexor carpi radialis: bending the hand forward (flexion)
Palmaris longus: makes a fist position with the hand.
Flexor carpi ulnaris: sideways movement and moving the hand towards the ulna
Flexor digitorum superficialis: makes a fist position with the hand
Flexor digitorum profundus: flexion of the fingertips
Flexor policis longus: flexion of the thumb
Pronator quadratus: pronation of the hand
Name the superficial arm muscles and describe the movements that they are involved in
Brachioradialis: flexion of the elbow
Extensor digitorium: extension of the fingertips
Extensor digit minimi: extension of the pinky finger
Extensor carpi radialis longus: extension of the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: extension of the wrist
Extensor carpi ulanris: extension of the wrist
Name the distal arm muscles and describe the movements they are involved in
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus: abduction of the thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis: motion in a lot of different planes
Extensor pollicis longus: motion in a lot of different planes
Extensor indicis: extension of the index finger
