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Anatomy and kinesiology > Terminology in anatomy and kinesiology > Flashcards

Terminology in anatomy and kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Structure of the body
Focus on structure
E.g., study on the bicep brachii

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2
Q

What is functional anatomy?

A

Body components necessary to achieve a goal
Focus on function
E.g., analysis of bicep curl

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3
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

Scientific study of human movement
Anatomical, physiology, psychological, biomechanical

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4
Q

What is biomechanics?

A

Application of mechanics to biological systems
More specific than kinesiology

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5
Q

Name the 2 types of skeleton

A

Axial
Appendicular

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6
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A

Head, neck and trunk

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7
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Upper and lower extremities
Hips
Arms and legs

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8
Q

Name the 4 reference systems

A

Axes
Origin
Relative
Absolute

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9
Q

What is the ‘axes’ reference system?

A

Imaginary lines that intersect at right angles

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10
Q

What is the ‘origin’ reference system?

A

Point of intersection of axis

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11
Q

What is the ‘relative’ reference system?

A

Segment movement described relative to adjacent segment

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12
Q

What is the ‘absolute’ reference system?

A

Axes intersect in the centre of a joint

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13
Q

Name 2 reference positions

A

Anatomical
Fundamental

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14
Q

Explain the anatomical position

A

Standard reference point with palms facing the front

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15
Q

Explain the fundamental position

A

Arms more relaxed with palms facing inwards

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16
Q

Name the 10 relative positions

A
  1. anterior
  2. posterior
  3. medial
  4. lateral
  5. proximal
  6. distal
  7. superior
  8. inferior
  9. ipsilateral
  10. contralateral
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17
Q

Explain anterior

A

Movement towards the front

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18
Q

Explain posterioir

A

Movement towards the back

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19
Q

Explain medial

A

Towards midline of the body

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20
Q

Explain lateral

A

Away from midline of the body

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21
Q

Explain proximal

A

Towards point of attachment

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22
Q

Explain distal

A

Away from point of attachment

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23
Q

Explain superior

A

Towards the top of the head

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24
Q

Explain inferior

A

Towards the bottom of the feet

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25
Q

Explain ipsilateral

A

On the same side

26
Q

Explain contralateral

A

On opposite sides

27
Q

What is a plane?

A

A flat, two dimensional surface which a movement takes place

28
Q

What are cardinal planes?

A

Planes positioned at right angles and intersecting the centre of mass

29
Q

Explain axis of rotation

A

Point about which movement occurs
Perpendicular to plane of motion

30
Q

Name the 3 types of planes

A

Sagittal
Coronal/frontal
Transverse/horizontal

31
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Left and right halves
Mediolateral axis
Flexion and extension
Forward and backward motion

32
Q

What is the coronal/frontal plane?

A

Front and back halves
Anteroposterior axis
Adduction and abduction
Sideways movement

33
Q

What is the transverse/horizontal plane?

A

Upper and lower halves
Longitudinal axis
Lateral and medial rotation
Rotational movement

34
Q

Define flexion

A

Decreasing joint angle

35
Q

Define extension

A

Increasing joint angle

36
Q

Define hyperflexion

A

Flexion beyond normal range

37
Q

Define hyperextension

A

Extension beyond normal range

38
Q

Define abduction

A

Moving away from midline

39
Q

Define adduction

A

Moving towards midline

40
Q

Define hyperabduction

A

Abduction past 180 point

41
Q

Define hyperadduction

A

Adduction past 0 point

42
Q

Define rotation

A

Medial and lateral

43
Q

Define lateral rotation

A

Head and trunk only

44
Q

Define circumduction

A

Movement in a conic fashion

45
Q

Define horizontal adduction

A

Combination of flexion and adduction

46
Q

Define horizontal abduction

A

Combination of extension and abduction

47
Q

Define elevation of the scapula

A

raising the scapula

48
Q

Define depression of the scapula

A

Lowering the scapula

49
Q

Define protraction of the scapula

A

Move scapulae apart

50
Q

Define retraction of the scapula

A

Move scapulae together

51
Q

Define upward rotation of the scapula

A

Bottom of scapula moves away from trunk
Top moves together

52
Q

Define downward rotation of the scapula

A

Return to normal

53
Q

Define supination of the hand

A

Turns palms frontwards

54
Q

Define pronation of the hand

A

Turns palms backward

55
Q

Define radial flexion of the hand

A

Hand towards thumb

56
Q

Define ulnar flexion of the hand

A

Hand towards little finger

57
Q

Define plantar flexion of the foot

A

Increasing angle between foot and shank

58
Q

Define dorsi flexion of the foot

A

Decreasing angle between foot and shank

59
Q

Define inversion of the foot

A

Lift medial edge of foot

60
Q

Define eversion of the foot

A

Lifter lateral edge of foot

61
Q

Define pronation of the foot

A

Dorsiflexion at ankle
Eversion in tarsals
Abduction of forefoot

62
Q

Define supination of the foot

A

Plantarflexion at ankle
Inversion in tarsals
Adduction of forefoot

Anatomy and kinesiology (9 decks)

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