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Anatomy and kinesiology > Lower extremities and hip > Flashcards

Lower extremities and hip Flashcards

1
Q

Name the lower limb bones

A

Hip bone
Ischium
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Calcaneus
Metatarsals
Proximal and distal phalanges

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2
Q

Name the two sections that the hip bone contains

A

Ileus crest
Tubercular

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3
Q

What does the femur connect to?

A

Hip bone

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4
Q

What does the femur do?

A

Protects the femur

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5
Q

Describe the shape of the femur

A

At the front it is rounded and at the back it is a triangular shape to allow the hamstring to attach itself to the back of the femur.

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6
Q

Name the 4 muscles of the quadriceps

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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7
Q

Describe the rectus femoris

A

Spans from the hip bone down to the patella.
As it spans two different joint it can be involved in two different movements.
Hip: flexion
Knee: extension
Superficial muscle

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8
Q

Describe the vastus lateralis

A

Located on the medial side of the rectus femoris
Attaches itself to the femur and to the lateral part of the patella.
Involved in extension of the knee.
Superficial muscle.

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9
Q

Describe the vastus medialis

A

Located on the medial side of the thigh.
Involved in extension of the knee
Superficial muscle

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10
Q

Describe the vastus intermedius

A

Attaches itself to the top end of the femur and the patella
Creates extension of the knee

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11
Q

Name the 4 adductors of the lower extremities

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
Gracilis

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12
Q

Describe the adductor longus

A

Moves leg towards the midline of the body.
Lies on the medial side of the thigh.
Insertion point is on the pubic bone.
It spans out towards the medial side of the femur. When it contracts it pulls the leg in towards the body.

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13
Q

Describe the pectineus

A

Attach themselves to the pubic bone and span out to midway up the femur.
Creates inwards rotation

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14
Q

Describe the Gracilis

A

Attaches itself to the medial side of the femur

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15
Q

Name the adductor of the lower extremities

A

Sartorius

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16
Q

Describe the sartorius

A

Located in the distal part of the leg.
Starts off at the anterior superior iliac spine then crosses the quads towards the inside and attaches itself to the bottom of the femur head.
When it contracts it pulls the leg outwards.

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17
Q

Name the muscles that make up the iliopsoas

A

Psoas major
Iliacus

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18
Q

Describe the psoas major

A

Involved in flexion of the hip
Attaches itself to the bottom of the spine and below the head of the femur.

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19
Q

Describe the iliacus

A

Attaches itself to the ileus crest and below the head of the femur.
When it contracts it causes flexion of the hip.

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20
Q

Name the two proximal muscles of the gluteal region

A

Abductors
Hamstrings

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21
Q

What are the abductors in the gluteal region involved in?

A

Abduction of the hip.
Moving the leg away from the midline of the body.

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22
Q

What are the hamstrings in the gluteal region involved in?

A

Extension of the hip and flexion of the knee.

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23
Q

Name the abductor muscles of the gluteal region

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Tensor fascia Latae

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24
Q

Describe the gluteus Medius

A

Attaches just under the ileus crest and wraps itself towards the trochanter major of the femur.
When it contracts the hip abducts.

25
Q

Describe the gluteus minimus

A

Attaches itself on the trochanter head

26
Q

Describe the piriformis

A

Results in abduction and external rotation (feet pointing away from body)

27
Q

Describe the tensor fascia latae

A

Attaches itself to the iliac tuberculum and runs down the anterior lateral condyle of the tibia.
Involved in abduction of the hip.

28
Q

Name the muscles of the hamstring

A

Bicep femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

29
Q

Describe the bicep femoris

A

Located on the lateral side of the leg.
Long and short head.
Long head runs over the short head and attaches itself at the top of the hip bone and down to the fibula.
Short head inserts at the top of the hip bone but the origin is at the bottom half of the femur.

30
Q

Describe the location of the semimembranosus

A

Located below the semitendinosus

31
Q

Describe the semitendinosus

A

Located on the medial side of the femur
Superficial muscles involved in flexion of the knee

32
Q

Name the muscles that are involved in movements of the ankle and foot

A

Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus

33
Q

Describe the tibialis anterior

A

Attaches itself to the front of the tibia and runs down along the tibia to attach on the ankle.
Involved in flexion of the ankle and creates stabilisation within the ankle joint

34
Q

Describe the gastrocnemius

A

Works in unison with the tibialis anterior to stabilise the ankle.
It spans two joints and therefore has two jobs.
Involved in extension of the ankle and flexion of the knee.
Involved in powerful movements and has a high involvement when walking. Has a medial head and a lateral head.

35
Q

Describe the soleus

A

Involved in extension of the ankle
Postural muscle (has high involvement when standing still)
Located close to the bone so therefore plays a bigger role in posture than movement.

36
Q

Describe plantaris

A

Involved in plantar flexion of the foot.
Located behind the knee cap.

37
Q

Describe flexor digitorum longus

A

Attaches itself to the top third part of the tibia and runs down the foot and attaches to the most distal phalanges on the top (only the medial 4 toes)

38
Q

Describe the flexor hallucis longus

A

Attaches to the fibula and wraps around the ankle to attach to the big toe.
Involved in stability.

39
Q

Describe the extensor digitorum longus

A

Attaches to the most distal phalanges of the medial 4 toes.
Involved in ankle extension.
Helps us to control stability.

40
Q

What are the greater and lesser trochanters?

A

Bony projections that serve as muscle attachments.
It is important for where the hip flexors attaches.

41
Q

What is the posterior superior iliac spine?

A

A bony projection located at the back of the iliac crest.

42
Q

What is the anterior superior iliac spine?

A

A bony projection at the front of the iliac crest projection of pelvic tilt.
It can be used to identify angle of the pelvic crest.

43
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

A small rounded prominence where connective tissue attaches.

44
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

A moderate prominence where muscles and connective tissue attach.

45
Q

What does biarticular mean?

A

Any muscle that crosses two joints.

46
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

Iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx

47
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A

Upper posterior femur and ITB.

48
Q

What is the origin of the iliopsoas?

A

Lumbar spine and pelvis

49
Q

What is the insertion of the iliopsoas?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

50
Q

Name the key reasons for tight hip flexors

A

Sedentary lifestyle
Prolonged sitting

51
Q

Name ways to reduce tightness in hip flexors

A

Regular stretching exercises
Breaks from prolonged sitting
Strengthening with targeted exercise

52
Q

Where does the vastus group originate from?

53
Q

Where does the rectus femoris originate from?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

54
Q

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

Medial and lateral condyle

55
Q

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

56
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis anterioir?

A

Lateral tibia

57
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

A

Plantar surface of metatarsals and medial tarsals

Anatomy and kinesiology (9 decks)

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