sport injuries Flashcards
What tissues or structures can be injured?
Bone
Ligament
Labrum
Meniscus
Tendon
Bursa
Muscle
Skin
Describe acute injuries
usually visible
traumatic
one off incident
pain is instantaneous
occurs suddenly
Describe chronic injuries
Persistent pain begins with a minor acute injury
Frequently described as a ‘niggle’ or ‘just uncomfortable’ that progressively worsens over time.
Athletes will struggle to play or train.
Pain that lasts for more than 3 months is known as chronic or persistent pain.
Repeated overload or microtrauma.
Name acute injuries
Bone: fracture
Ligament: sprain
Tendon: strain
Muscle: strain and contusion
Skin: laceration, puncture and graze
Name chronic injuries
Bone: stress fractures
Ligament: repeated micro-tearing
Tendon: tendinopathy (e.g., tennis elbow, Achilles)
Muscle: tension and micro-tearing
Skin: blister and chafing
Cartilage: repeated micro-tearing
What is a sprain?
Damage to a ligament
Ligaments are injured when forces exceed the ligaments’ ability to resists load, which may depend on the rate of injury.
What is a strain?
A structural muscle tear
Muscles are strained when some or all the fibres fail to cope with the demands placed upon them.
Refers to anything from a minor muscle tear (grade 1) to a full rupture (grade 3)
Why do injuries occur?
Predisposed athlete: anyone that is taking part in sport is predisposed to an injury.
All the structures in the body have a tolerance of what they can withstand. Differences in athletes means that they have a different tolerance level.
Going over and above what the tissue/muscle can withstand.
Define soft tissue strain
Working a muscle beyond its normal capacity which may stretch or tear the muscle tissue.
It usually occurs under high velocity conditions.
Define soft tissue sprain
An injury to a ligament causing overstretching.
How many stages of healing are there?
3
Name the three stages of healing and give the average length of them
Acute stage (inflammatory phase): up to 3 days post injury
Proliferation (repair phase): 3 days to 3 weeks post injury
Maturation (remodelling phase): 3 weeks to 2 years post injury
What can inform people about the severity of the injury?
Signs and symptoms
Name the signs and symptoms of injury
Pain
Swelling
Bruising
Heat
All of these contribute to loss of movement and function.
Name members of the sport team that are responsible for helping an athlete recover from injury
Doctor
Physiotherapist
Soft tissue therapist
Nutritionist
Sport scientist
Coach
Strength and conditioning coach
Psychologist
Athlete
Define aetiology
Risk factors for injury
Cause or set of causes for an injury
Define mechanisms of injury
Actions that leads to the injury
What will identify the injury risks help with?
It will help to reduce future risk and help with rehabilitation.
Name extrinsic risk factors
Direct impact
Equipment
Footwear
Overload
Surface
Clothing
Other players
Shoe surface contact
Name intrinsic risk factors
Anatomical
Previous injury
Fatigue
Hormonal
Gender
Age
Growth
Incorrect technique
Diet
Name the movement tests that are used to assess the extent of the loss of function
Active
Passive
Resisted
Name two strength tests that are used to assess the extent of the loss of function
Clinically strength
Functional strength
What does the PEACE and LOVE acronym stand for?
Protection
Elevation
Avoid anti-inflammatory
Compression
Education
Load
Optimism
Vascularisation
Exercise
What are the aims when returning from injury?
Replicate sport demands
Time/duration/frequency
Intensity
Explain the roles of a multidisciplinary team
Expected to work in collaboration towards a common goal.
An effective MDT sees separate practitioners establishing their own treatment plan and each communicating separately with an athlete.
The common goal should be created and agreed throughout the MDT, including the athlete.
