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A&P > Upper Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Upper Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Together the organs of this system perform a vital function : Prepare nutrients for absorption & use by the millions of body cells

A

Digestive System

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2
Q

Main organs of the digestive system form this tract, which extends through the abdominopelvic cavity
Ingested food material passing through the lumen (opening that stays open) is outside the internal environment of the body

A

Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)

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3
Q

Made up of 3 layers:

  • Epithelium: inner most mucous layer
  • Lamina Propria: A layer of loose, fibrous connective tissue
  • Muscularis Mucosae: A thin layer of smooth muscle
A

Mucosa

Wall of the GI Tract

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4
Q

Contains numerous glands, blood vessels & Parasympathetic nerves

A

Submucosa

Wall of the GI tract

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5
Q

Thick layer of muscle tissue that wraps around the submucosa

A

Muscularis

Wall of the GI Tract

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6
Q

Outermost layer of the GI Tract, is made up of serous membrane

A

Serosa

Wall of the GI Tract

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7
Q

Another name for the Oral Cavity

A

Buccal Cavity

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8
Q

Covered externally by skin & internally by mucous membrane

A

Lips

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9
Q

Line of contact between closed lips form the

A

Oral Fissure

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10
Q

The upper lip is marked near the midline by a shallow vertical groove called the

A

Philtrum

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11
Q

Lateral boundaries of the oral cavity
Continuous with the lips and lined by mucous membrane
Formed mainly by the Buccinator muscle and covered by adipose tissue

A

Cheeks

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12
Q

Consists of portions of 4 bones :

2 maxillae & 2 palatines

A

Hard Palate

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13
Q

Forms the partition between the mouth & nasopharynx

Made of muscle arranged in an arch

A

Soft Palatine

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14
Q

Suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the arch

A

Uvula

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15
Q

Consists of 3 parts:

  • Root
  • Tip
  • Body
A

Tongue

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16
Q

Located on the dorsal & lateral surfaces of the tongue

A

Papillae

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17
Q

Anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

Lingual Frenulum

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18
Q

Important for speech & mastication (chewing)

A

Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

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19
Q

Important for Deglutition (swallowing) & Speech

A

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

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20
Q

Secrete approximately 1L of saliva each day

Additional small buccal glands provide for hygiene & comfort of oral tissues

A

Compound Tubuloalveolar glands

Salivary Glands

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21
Q

Produce watery saliva containing enzymes

A 
Parotid Glands
(Salivary Glands)
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22
Q

Compound glands that contain enzyme & mucus-producing elements

A 
Submandibular Glands
(Salivary Glands)
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23
Q

Produce a mucous type of saliva

A 
Sublingual Glands
(Salivary Glands)
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24
Q

Teeth are the organs of

A

Mastication (Chewing)

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25
Q

Exposed portion of a tooth, covered by enamel

A

Crown

26
Q

Narrow portion that joins the crown to the root

A

Neck

27
Q

Fits into the socket of the alveolar process

A

Root

28
Q

4 special types of connective tissues that make up outer shell of a tooth

A

Dentin
Cementum
Enamel
Pulp

29
Q

20 baby teeth, whch appear early in life

Shed between ages 6-13

A

Deciduous Teeth

30
Q

32 teeth

Replace the Deciduous teeth

A

Permanent Teeth

31
Q

Tube through which a food bolus passes when moved from the mouth to the esophagus by the process of deglutition
Air passes through all 3 divisions
Only terminal portion is involved in the digestive system

A

Pharynx

32
Q

Tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
First segment of the digestive tube
Lined with stratified squamous epithelium (cervical, thoracic & abdominal parts)
Each end is encircled by muscular sphincters

A

Esophagus

33
Q

Size varies according to factors such as gender & amount of distention
When it does not contain food, it is about the size of a large sausage
In adults, its capacity ranges from 1 to 1.5L
Located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity, under the liver & diaphragm

A

Stomach

34
Q

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

A

4 Divisions of the Stomach

35
Q

Collar-like region at the junction of the stomach & the esophagus

A

Cardia

36
Q

Enlarged portion to the left and above the opening of the Esophagus into the stomach

A

Fundus

37
Q

Central portion of the stomach

A

Body

38
Q

Lower part of the stomach

A

Pylorus

39
Q

2 curves of the stomach

A

Lesser Curvature

Greater Curvature

40
Q

Controls the opening of the esophagus into the stomach

A

Cardiac Sphincter (Lower esophageal sphincter)

41
Q

Controls the outlet of the pyloric portion of the stomach into the duodenum

A

Pyloric Sphincter

42
Q

Epithelial lining has rugae marked by gastric pits

A

Stomach Wall

43
Q

Secrete most of the gastric juice

A

Gastric Glands

44
Q

Secrete the enzymes of gastric juice

A

Chief Cells

45
Q

Secrete hydrochloric acid

Thought to produce intrinsic factor needed for vitamin B12 absorption

A

Parietal Cells

46
Q

Secrete gastrin & ghrelin

A

Endocrine Cells

47
Q

Thick layer of muscle with 3 distinct sublayers of smooth muscle tissue arranged in a crisscrossing pattern
This pattern allows the stomach to contract strongly & efficiently at many angles

A

Gastric Muscularis

48
Q
  • Secretes gastric juice to aid in digestion of food
  • Breaks food into small particles & mixes them with gastric juice
  • Secretes intrinsic factor
  • Performs limited absorption
  • Produces gastrin & ghrelin
  • Helps protect the body from pathogenic bacteria swallowed with food
A

Functions of the Stomach

49
Q

Autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system targets the salivary & tear glands for destruction & dry eyes & dry mouth

A

Sjogren Syndrome

Disorder of the mouth & esophagus

50
Q

Acute viral disease characterized by swelling & inflammation of the parotid gland (Parotitis)

A

Mumps

Disorders of the mouth & esophagus

51
Q

Tooth Decay

Inflammation or infection of the gums

A

Gingivitis

Disorders of the mouth & esophagus

52
Q

Tooth Decay

Inflammation of the periodontal membrane or periodontal ligament, which anchors the tooth to the bone of the jaw

A

Periodontitis

Disorders of the mouth & esophagus

53
Q

Tooth Decay

Precancerous change in the mucous membrane characterized by thickened, white & slightly raised patched of tissue

A

Leukoplakia

Disorders of the mouth & esophagus

54
Q

Tooth Decay

Abnormal alignment of the upper & lower teeth

A

Malocclusion

Disorders of the mouth & esophagus

55
Q

Backward flow of stomach acid up into the esophagus causes symptoms of “heart burn” which typically include burning & pressure behind breastbone

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Disorders of the mouth & esophagus

56
Q

Stomach inflammation (gastritis) & intestinal inflammation (enteritis)

A

Gastroenteritis

Disorder of the Stomach

57
Q

Chronic loss of appetite

A

Anorexia

Disorder of the Stomach

58
Q

An unpleasant feeling that often leads to vomiting

A

Nausea

Disorder of the Stomach

59
Q

Vomiting

A

Emesis

Disorder of the Stomach

60
Q

The pyloric fibers do not relax normally to allow food to leave the stomach; Consequently, the infant vomits food instead of digesting & absorbing it

A

Pylorospasm & Pyloric Stenosis (narrowing)

Disorder of the Stomach

A&P (6 decks)

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