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A&P > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Distributes air
Exchanges gases
Filters air
Divided into upper and lower tracts

A

Respiratory System

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2
Q 
Includes:
Nose
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx
A

Upper Respiratory Tract

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3
Q

Includes:
Trachea
Segments of the bronchial tree
Lungs

A

Lower Respiratory Tract

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4
Q

Converts oxygen into energy

A

Cellular Respiration

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5
Q

External portion consists of a bony, cartilaginous frame covered by skin containing sebaceous glands
The 2 nasal bones meet and are surrounded by the frontal bone to form the root
Surrounded by the maxilla at its base.

A

Nose

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6
Q

Palatine bones separate the nasal and mouth cavities.

A

Nasal Cavity

Internal portion

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7
Q

Causes difficulty swallowing and speaking.

Sometimes the palatine bones fail to unite completely, resulting in this condition.

A

Cleft Palate

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8
Q

Separates the roof of the nose from the cranial cavity

A

Cribriform Plate

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9
Q

Has a rich blood supply

Separates the nasal cavity into right and left cavities

A

Septum

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10
Q

Name the 3 passageways of the nasal cavity:

A

Superior, Middle, Inferior Meatuses (Opening)

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11
Q

External openings to the nasal cavities
Open into the vestibule
Located just inside the nasal cavity; lined with skin

A

Anterior (External) Nares

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12
Q

Explain the sequence of airflow through the nose into the pharynx

A

Anterior nares to the vestibule to all 3 meatus simultaneously and then to the posterior nares

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13
Q

Air passes over, which contains a rich blood supply

A

Respiratory Mucosa

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14
Q

A special sensory membrane containing many olfactory nerve cells and a rich lymphatic plexus

A

Olfactory Epithelium

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15
Q

4 pairs of air-containing spaces open or drain into the nasal cavity
Each is lined with respiratory mucosa

A

Paranasal Sinuses

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16
Q

A tube like structure extending from the base of the skull to the esophagus

A

Pharynx

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17
Q

Name the 3 parts of the Pharynx

A

1 Nasopharynx
2 Oropharynx
3 Laryngopharynx

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18
Q

Where are the Pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

Nasopharynx

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19
Q

Enlarged Pharyngeal tonsils

A

Adenoids

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20
Q

Name the 2 pair of organs contained in the Oropharynx

A

1 Palatine tonsils

2 Lingual tonsils

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21
Q

Procedure when palatine tonsils are removed

A

Tonsillectomy

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22
Q

Serves as a pathway for the respiratory and digestive tracts

A

Pharynx

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23
Q

Positioned between the root of the tongue and the upper end of the trachea
Consists of cartilages attached to one another and surrounding structures by muscle
Lined with a ciliated respiratory mucosa

A

Larynx

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24
Q

Ciliated respiratory mucosa that forms 2 pairs of folds:

A 
Vestibular folds (upper folds)-false vocal cords
Vocal folds (lower folds)-true vocal cords
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25
Q

Cavity above the vestibular folds

A

Vestibule

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26
Q

Framework of the larynx is made up of how many cartilages?

A

Nine

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27
Q

3 largest cartilages of the Larynx:
Thyroid cartilage (largest)
Epiglottis
Cricoid cartilage

A

Single Laryngeal Cartilages

28
Q

3 pairs of smaller cartilages:
Arytenoid (most important)
Corniculate
Cuneiform

A

Paired Laryngeal Cartilages

29
Q

Insert and originate within the larynx
Important in controlling vocal fold length and tension
Open and close the glottis

A

Intrinsic (within same structure) Muscles

30
Q

Insert in the larynx but originate on some other structure

A

Extrinsic (involves more than 1 structure) Muscles

31
Q

Forms part of the airway to the lungs and protects that airway, produces the voice

A

Larynx

32
Q

Both play important roles in respiration, vocalization and swallowing

A

Intrinsic Muscles

Extrinsic Muscles

33
Q

Extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi
Wall is composed of adventitia (outer), smooth muscle and C-shaped cartilage rings (middle) and respiratory mucosa (inner)
The posterior wall contains many elastic fibers
Incomplete rings and posterior elasticity allow esophagus to expand during swallowing
Furnishes part of the open airway to the lungs

A

Trachea

34
Q

How many primary bronchi’s does the lower end of the trachea divide into

A

Two (one on the right and one on the left)

35
Q

Enter the lung and divide into secondary bronchi

A

Primary Bronchi

36
Q

Branch into bronchioles and eventually divide into alveolar ducts and alveoli

A

Secondary Bronchi

37
Q

Barrier across which gases are exchanged by alveolar air and blood

A

Respiratory Membrane

38
Q

A component of the fluid coating the respiratory membrane that reduces surface tension

A

Surfactant

39
Q

Distribute air to the interior of the lungs

23 levels of branching produce optimum ability for oxygen transfer to the blood

A

Bronchi and Alveoli

40
Q

Accomplish gas exchange

A

Alveoli

41
Q

Protective layer of mucus is a purification mechanism

A

Mucus Blanket

42
Q

Can “taste” bitter toxins and respond by moving more rapidly in an effort to clear toxin molecules from the airway

A

Respiratory Cilia

43
Q

Cone-shaped organs extending from the diaphragm to the clavicles

A

Lungs

44
Q

Slit on the lung’s medial surface where the primary bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels enter

A

Hilum

45
Q

The inferior surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm

A

Base

46
Q

Pointed upper margin

A

Apex

47
Q

Lies against the ribs

A

Costal Surface

48
Q

Divided into 2 lobes : Superior and Inferior

Has 8 Bronchopulmonary segments

A

Left lung

49
Q

Divided into 3 lobes : Superior, Middle & Inferior

Has 10 Bronchopulmonary segments

A

Right Lung

50
Q

Covers the surface of the lungs

A

Visceral Pleura

51
Q

Responsible for air distribution & gas exchange

A

Lungs

52
Q

Separates the 3 divisions of the thoracic cavity

A

Pleura

53
Q

The parts of the thoracic cavity occupied by the lungs

A

Pleural Divisions

54
Q

The space between the lungs, occupied mainly by the esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels and heart

A

Mediastinum

55
Q

Plays a major role in inspiration & expiration

A

Thorax

56
Q

Any infection localized in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract (nose, pharynx & larynx)

A

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

57
Q

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

A

Rhinitis

58
Q

Pharyngitis, Laryngitis, Tonsillitis

A

Disorders of the Respiratory Tract

59
Q

Nose Bleed

A

Epistaxis

60
Q

Deviated Septum & Sleep Apnea

A

Anatomical Disorders

61
Q

Acute Bronchitis, Pneumonia & Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Lower Respiratory Infections

62
Q

Destroys vital gas exchange tissues & may spread to other areas
Surgery is most effective in localized areas

A

Lung Cancer

63
Q
  • part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the opening between them
  • affects voice modulation through expansion or contraction
A

Glottis

64
Q
  • Arise from the secondary bronchi
  • Get smaller & divide into primary bronchioles
  • Each serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment
A

Tertiary Bronchi (Segmental Bronchi)

65
Q

Any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides

A

Bronchioles

A&P (6 decks)

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