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A&P > Lower Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Lower Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Tube approximately 2.5cm in diameter & 6 m long

Has 3 divisions: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

A

Small Intestine

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2
Q

Uppermost division

Approximately 25 cm long

A

Duodenum

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3
Q

Approximately 2.5m long

A

Jejunum

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4
Q

Approximately 3.5m long

A

Ileum

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5
Q

Intestinal lining has ??? with villi

A

Plicae

Wall of the Small Intestine

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6
Q

Important modifications of the mucosal layer

Each 1 contains an arteriole, a venule & a lacteal vessel

A

Villi

Wall of the Small Intestine

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7
Q

Increase the surface area of the small intestine hundreds of times, making the small intestine the main site of digestion & absorption

A

Villi & Microvilli

Wall of the Small Intestine

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8
Q

Located between villi

Contain stem cells from which other cell types are produced

A

Crypts

Wall of the Small Intestine

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9
Q

Average diameter is 6cm
Approximately 1.5 to 1.8m
3 divisions: Cecum, Colon, Rectum

A

Large Intestine

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10
Q

Vertical position on the right side of the abdomen

A

Ascending Colon

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11
Q

Passes horizontally across the abdomen, above the small intestine

A

Transverse Colon

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12
Q

Vertical position on left side of the abdomen

A

Descending Colon

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13
Q

Lower part of the curve joins the rectum

A

Sigmoid Colon

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14
Q
  • Last 7 or 8 inches of the intestinal tube

- Terminal inch is the anal canal

A

Rectum

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15
Q

Opening of the anal canal (final 1 inch)

A

Anus

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16
Q
  • Intestinal mucous glands; they produce lubricating mucus that coats feces as they are formed
  • Uneven distribution of fibers in the muscle layer
A

Wall of the large intestine

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17
Q
  • Accessory organ of digestive system
  • 8 to 10 cm long
  • Communicates with the cecum
  • Reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria
A

Vermiform Appendix

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18
Q

Large, continuous sheet of serous membrane

A

Peritoneum

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19
Q

Covers many organs

Prevents friction

A

Visceral Peritoneum

20
Q

Lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Parietal Peritoneum

21
Q

Projection of the parietal peritoneum

A

Mesentery

22
Q
  • Largest gland in the body
  • Weighs approximately 1.5kg (3-4lb)
  • Lies under the diaphragm
A

Liver

23
Q

Forms about 1/6 of the liver

A

Left Lobe

24
Q

Forms about 5/6 of the liver

A

Right Lobe

25
Q

Anatomical units of the liver

A

Hepatic Lobules

26
Q

Small bile ducts form

A

Right & Left Hepatic Ducts

27
Q

Right & Left Hepatic ducts immediately join to form

A

One Hepatic Duct

28
Q

The Hepatic duct merges with the Cystic duct to form ________, which opens into the _________.

A

The common Bile Duct

Duodenum

29
Q
  • Detoxification by liver cells

- Production of important plasma proteins

A

Functions of the Liver

30
Q

Liver cells secrete approximately 1 pint of bile per day

A

Bile Secretion

31
Q

Carries out numerous important steps in metabolizing proteins, fats & carbohydrates

A

Liver Metabolism

32
Q
  • Pear shaped sac
  • 7 to 10cm long & 3cm wide at its broadest point
  • Lies on the undersurface of the liver
  • Can hold 30 to 50ml of bile
A

Gallbladder

33
Q

3 layers of the Gallbladder

A

1 Serous
2 Muscular
3 Mucosal

34
Q
  • Storage of Bile
  • Concentration of bile fivefold to tenfold
  • Ejection of the concentrated bile into the Duodenum
A

Functions of the Gallbladder

35
Q

Yellow discoloration of the skin & mucosa, results when the flow of bile into the duodenum is obstructed

A

Jaundice

Disorder of the Gallbladder

36
Q

Often made of cholesterol & can form when bile becomes concentrated

A

Gallstones

Disorder of the Gallbladder

37
Q
  • Grayish pink gland
  • 12 to 15cm long
  • Weighs approximately 60g (about 2 ounces)
A

Pancreas

38
Q

Tiny ducts unite to form the main pancreatic duct, which empties into the duodenum
Makes up most of the Pancreas (98%)

A

Exocrine portion (of the Pancreas)

39
Q

Made up of alpha & beta cells, pass secretions into capillaries
Constitutes only 2% of the total mass of the Pancreas

A

Endocrine portion (of the Pancreas)

40
Q
  • Acinar units secrete digestive enzymes
  • Beta cells secrete insulin
  • Alpha cells secrete glucagon
A

Functions of the Pancreas

41
Q
  • Diarrhea, Constipation, Malabsorption Syndrome
  • Diverticulitis, Diverticulosis, Colitis
  • Irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, Colorectal Cancer
  • Hemorrhoids, Proctitis, Anal Fissures
A

Disorders of the Intestines

Disorders of the Lower Digestive Tract

42
Q

General term referring to inflammation of the liver.

Characterized by jaundice, liver enlargement, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, gray-white feces & dark urine

A

Hepatitis

Disorders of the Liver and Pancreas

43
Q

Chronic alcohol abuse, malnutrition, infection, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may lead to a degenerative liver condition

A

Cirrhosis

Disorders of the Liver and Pancreas

44
Q

Inflammation of the Pancreas

Can be caused by various factors

A

Pancreatitis

Disorders of the Liver and Pancreas

45
Q

Usually a form of adenocarcinoma

Claims the lives of nearly all its patients within 5 years after diagnosis

A

Pancreatic Cancer

Disorders of the Liver and Pancreas

A&P (6 decks)

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