Upper Appendicular Muscles Flashcards
Muscle:
Trapezius
Origin:
Occipital bone, cervical & thoracic vertebrae
Insertion:
Clavicle, acromion & and spine of scapula
Action:
Elevates (superior fibers), retracts (middle fibers) & depresses (inferior fibers) scapula.
Notes:

Muscle:
Levator Scapulae
Origin:
C1-C4
Insertion:
Medial border of scapula (superior)
Action:
Elevates scapula
Notes:
Muscle:
Rhomboid Major & R. Minor
Origin:
C7-T5
Insertion:
Medial border of scapula
Action:
Retracts & elevates scapula
Notes:

Muscle:
Serratus Anterior
Origin:
Ribs
Insertion:
Medial border of scapula
Action:
Protracts scapula
Notes:
Prime mover in scapula protraction

Muscle:
Pectoralis Minor
Origin:
Ribs
Insertion:
Coracoid process of scapula
Action:
Protracts & depresses scapula
Notes:

Muscle:
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin:
T7-T12, ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion:
Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action:
Extends, adducts & medially rotates arm
Notes:
Prime mover of arm extension

Muscle:
Pectoralis Major: Clavicular & Sternal head
Origin:
Clavicular head: clavicle
Sternal head: sternum & and costal cartilages
Insertion:
Greater tubercle & intertubercular groove of humerus
Action:
Flexes, adducts & medially rotates arm
Notes:
Prime mover of arm flexion

Muscle:
Deltoid: Anterior, Middle & Posterior heads
Origin:
Clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula
Insertion:
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action:
Flexes (anterior fibers), abducts (middle fibers) & extends (posterior fibers) arm
Notes:
Rotates arm medially and laterally

Muscle:
Coracobrachialis
Origin:
Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion:
Shaft of humerus
Action:
Adducts & flexes arm
Notes:

Muscle:
Teres Major
Origin:
Lateral border & inferior angle of scapula
Insertion:
Lesser tubercle & intertubercular groove of humerus
Action:
Extends, adducts & medially rotates arm
Notes:

Muscle:
Supraspinatus
Origin:
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion:
Greater tubercle of humerus
Action:
Abducts arm
Notes:
Also stabilizes GH joint

Muscle:
Infraspinatus
Origin:
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion:
Greater tubercle of humerus
Action:
Laterally rotates & adducts arm
Notes:
Also stabilizes GH joint

Muscle:
Teres Minor
Origin:
Lateral border of scapula
Insertion:
Greater tubercle of humerus
Action:
Laterally rotates & adducts arm
Notes:
Also stabilizes GH joint

Muscle:
Subscapularis
Origin:
Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion:
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action:
Medially rotates arm
Notes:
Also stabilizes GH joint

Muscle:
Triceps Brachii: Long, Lateral & and Medial heads.
Origin:
Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral & medial heads: Shaft of humerus
Insertion:
Olecranon process of ulna
Action:
Extends forearm (prime mover)
Notes:
Long head also extends & adducts arm

Muscle:
Biceps Brachii: Long & Short heads
Origin:
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion:
Radial tuberosity of radius & bicipital aponeurosis
Action:
Flexes & supinates forearm
Notes:
Long head also flexes arm

Muscle:
Brachialis
Origin:
Anterior surface of humerus
Insertion:
Tuberosity & coronoid process of ulna
Action:
Flexes forearm
Notes:

Muscle:
Brachioradialis
Origin:
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion:
Styloid process of radius
Action:
Flexes forearm
Notes:

Muscle:
Pronator Quadratus
Origin:
Distal shaft of ulna
Insertion:
Distal shaft of radius
Action:
Pronates forearm
Notes:

Muscle:
Supinator
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus & proximal ulna
Insertion:
Proximal shaft of radius
Action:
Supinates forearm
Notes:

Muscle:
Pronator Teres
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Lateral surface of radius
Action:
Pronates forearm
Notes:
Superficial layer

Muscle:
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Metacarpals II & III
Action:
Flexes wrist & abducts hand
Notes:
Superficial layer

Muscle:
Palmaris Longus
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
Action:
Flexes wrist
Notes:
Superficial layer

Muscle:
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Carpals, metacarpal V
Action:
Flexes wrist & adducts hand
Notes:
Superficial Layer

Muscle:
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Middle phalanges II-V
Action:
Flexes fingers 2-5 (MP & PIP joints)
Notes:
Intermediate layer

Muscle:
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin:
Ulna
Insertion:
Distal phalanges II-V
Action:
Flexes fingers 2-5 (MP, PIP & DIP joints)
Notes:
Deep layer

Muscle:
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin:
Radius
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of thumb
Action:
Flexes thumb (MP joint)
Notes:
Deep layer

Muscle:
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin:
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion:
Metacarpal II
Action:
Extends wrist & abducts hand
Notes:

Muscle:
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Metacarpal III
Action:
Extends wrist & abducts hand
Notes:

Muscle:
Extensor Digitorum Communis
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Middle & distal phalanges II-V
Action:
Extends fingers 2-5 (MP, PIP, DIP joints)
Notes:
Also extends wrist & metacarpophalangeal joints

Muscle:
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Metacarpal V
Action:
Extends wrist & adducts hand
Notes:

Muscle:
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of digit V
Action:
Extends finger 5 (MP, PIP joints)
Notes:

Muscle:
Extensor Indicis
Origin:
Posterior ulna
Insertion:
Tendon of extensor digitorum communis
Action:
Extends finger 2 (MP, PIP & DIP joints)
Notes:

Muscle:
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin:
Radius and ulna
Insertion:
Metacarpal I
Action:
Abducts thumb
Notes:
“Anatomical snuffbox”

Muscle:
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Origin:
Radius
Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of thumb
Action:
Extends thumb (MP joint)
Notes:
“anatomical snuffbox”

Muscle:
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin:
Ulna
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of thumb
Action:
Extends thumb (MP & IP joints)
Notes:
“anatomical snuffbox”

Transverse carpal ligament (Flexor retinaculum)

Carpal tunnel

Palmar aponeurosis

Extensor Retinaculum