Lower Appendicular Muscles Flashcards
Muscle:
Psoas Major
Origin:
Vertebra T12-L5
Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of femur
Action:
Flexes and laterally rotates thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Iliacus
Origin:
Iliac fossa
Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of femur
Action:
Flexes and laterally rotates thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Sartorius
Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion:
Tibial tuberosity of tibia
Action:
Flexes and laterally rotates thigh
Notes:
Also flexes leg
Muscle:
Pectineus
Origin:
Pectineal line of pubis
Insertion:
Pectineal line of femur
Action:
Adducts and flexes thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Adductor Brevis
Origin:
Inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion:
Linea aspera of femur
Action:
Adducts and flexes thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Adductor Longus
Origin:
Pubis
Insertion:
Linea aspera of femur
Action:
Adducts and flexes thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Adductor Magnus
Origin:
Pubis and ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
Action:
Adducts thigh
Notes:
Also flexes, extends and rotates thigh
Muscle:
Gracilis
Origin:
Pubis
Insertion:
Tibia (superior/medial)
Action:
Adducts and flexes thigh
Notes:
Also flexes leg
Muscle:
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Origin:
Iliac crest & Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion:
Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial band
Action:
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Notes:
Accessory structure; iliotibial band/tract
Muscle:
Gluteus Maximus
Origin:
Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
Insertion:
Iliotibial band; Gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera of femur.
Action:
Extends and laterally rotates thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Gluteus Medius
Origin:
Ilium
Insertion:
Greater trochanter of femur
Action:
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Gluteus Minimus
Origin:
Ilium
Insertion:
Greater trochanter of femur
Action:
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Piriformis
Origin:
Sacrum
Insertion:
Greater trochanter of femur
Action:
Laterally rotates thigh
Notes:
Also abducts thigh
Muscle:
Gemellus Superior; Obturator Internus; Gemellus Inferior
Origin:
Ischial spine & tuberosity (etc.)
Insertion:
Greater trochanter of femur
Action:
Laterally rotates thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Quadratus Femoris
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Intertrochanteric crest of femur
Action:
Adducts and laterally rotates thigh
Notes:
Muscle:
Rectus Femoris
Origin:
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion:
Tibial tuberosity of tibia
Action:
Extends leg and flexes thigh
Notes:
Part of Quadriceps femoris (prime mover of leg extension)
Muscle:
Vastus Lateralis
Origin:
Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
Insertion:
Tibial tuberosity of tibia
Action:
Extends leg
Notes:
Part of Quadriceps femoris (prime mover of leg extension)
Muscle:
Vastus Medialis
Origin:
Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
Insertion:
Tibial tuberosity of Tibia
Action:
Extends leg
Notes:
Part of Quadriceps femoris (prime mover of leg extension)
Muscle:
Vastus Intermedius
Origin:
Femur (anterolateral shaft)
Insertion:
Tibial tuberosity of Tibia
Action:
Extends leg
Notes:
Part of Quadriceps femoris (prime mover of leg extension)
Muscle:
Biceps Femoris; Long and short head.
Origin:
Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Linea aspera
Insertion:
Head of Fibula
Action:
Flexes leg
Notes:
Lateral member of “Hamstrings” group; Long head extends and laterally rotates thigh.
Muscle:
Semitendinosus
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Proximal medial Tibia
Action:
Flexes leg and extends thigh
Notes:
One of two medial members of “Hamstrings” group
Muscle:
Semimembranosus
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Medial condyle of tibia
Action:
Flexes leg and extends thigh
Notes:
One of two medial members of “Hamstrings” group
Muscle:
Tibialis Anterior
Origin:
Lateral condyle and shaft of Tibia
Insertion:
Metatarsal I & Medial Cuneiform
Action:
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Notes:
Muscle:
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin:
Lateral condyle of Tibia, Fibula
Insertion:
Distal phalanges II-V
Action:
Extends toes 2-5 & dorsiflexes foot
Notes:
Muscle:
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin:
Anterior fibula
Insertion:
Distal phalanx I
Action:
Extends great toe and dorsiflexes foot
Notes:
Hallux = Great toe
Muscle:
Fibularis Longus
Origin:
Head and superior shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion:
Metatarsal I and Medial Cuneiform
Action:
Everts and plantarflexes foot
Notes:
Muscle:
Fibularis Brevis
Origin:
Fibular shaft
Insertion:
Metatarsal V
Action:
Everts foot
Notes:
Weak plantar flexor
Muscle:
Gastrocnemius
Origin:
Medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion:
Calcaneus (via Calcaneal tendon)
Action:
Plantarflexes foot, flexes leg
Notes:
Part of “triceps surae”
Muscle:
Plantaris
Origin:
Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
Insertion:
Posterior calcaneus
Action:
Weak leg and plantar flexor
Notes:
Muscle:
Soleus
Origin:
Head and shaft of fibula, tibia
Insertion:
Calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Action:
Plantarflexes foot
Notes:
Part of “triceps surae”
Muscle:
Popliteus
Origin:
Lateral condyle of femur
Insertion:
Proximal tibia
Action:
Flexes leg and medially rotates tibia
Notes:
“Key to the knee”
Muscle:
Tibialis Posterior
Origin:
Fibula and tibia
Insertion:
Navicular, cuboid, all cuneiforms, and metatarsals II-IV
Action:
Plantarflexes and inverts foot.
Notes:
Muscle:
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin:
Posteromedial tibia
Insertion:
Distal phalanges II-V
Action:
Flexes toes 2-5 (MP, PIP and DIP joints), plantarflexes foot
Notes:
Muscle:
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin:
Posterior fibula
Insertion:
Distal phalanx I
Action:
Flexes great toe, plantarflexes foot
Notes:
Hallux = Great toe
Muscle:
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Action:
Flexes toes 2-5 (MP and PIP joints)
Notes:
Intrinsic foot muscle
Muscle:
Abductor Hallucis
Action:
Abducts great toe
Notes:
Intrinsic foot muscle
Muscle:
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Action:
Abducts toe 5
Notes:
Intrinsic foot muscle
Iliotibial band/tract
Flexor retinaculum
Extensor retinaculum
Plantar aponeurosis
