Muscle/Movement Terminology Flashcards
Origin (Os)
Less moveable, proximal attachment of muscle.
Insertion (Is)
More moveable, distal attachment of muscle.
Action (As)
Movement(s) produced by a particular muscle.
Unilateral
One side
Bilateral
Both sides
Contralateral
On the opposite side.
Ipsilateral
On the same side.
Agonist
Muscle responsible for a particular action (a.k.a. prime mover).
Antagonist
Muscle that opposes agonist.
Syngergist
Muscle(s) that assist(s) agonist.
Fixator
Muscles(s) that prevent(s) unwanted movement at a joint.
Stabilizer
Muscle(s) that directly stabilizes a joint.
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
Aponeurosis
Flat, broad tendon
Flexion
Decreasing a joint angle (from 180°)
Extension
Increasing a joint angle (back to 180°)
Lateral flexion
Flexion in the frontal plane (spine)
Abduction
Movement away from the midline.
Adduction
Movement toward the midline.
Protraction
Anterior movement of a body part (e.g. scapula)
Retraction
Posterior movement of a body part (e.g. scapula)
Depression
Movement of a body part inferiorly/caudally (e.g. scapula)
Elevation
Movement of a body part superiorly/crainally (e.g. scapula)
Rotation
Movement in the transverse plane
Supination
Rotational movement of forearm to palms UP
Pronation
Rotational movement of forearm to palms DOWN
Circumduction
Circular movement of appendage where distal end creates a circle.
Inversion
Rotating soles of feet in/medially
Eversion
Rotating soles of feet out/laterally
Dorsiflexion
Ankle movement bringing “toes up”
Plantar flexion
Ankle movement bringing “toes down”
Internal/Medial Rotation
Rotational movement toward anterior surface of body (of appendage)
External/Lateral Rotation
Rotational movement of toward posterior surface of body (of appendage)
