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Anatomy > Upper and Lower Limbs > Flashcards

Upper and Lower Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two bones of the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle and Scapula

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2
Q

What does the clavicle articulate with?

A

Sternum and acromion of scapula

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3
Q

What does the scapula articulate with?

A

Humerus at the glenoid fossa

Acromion - clavicle

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4
Q

What is the bone of the upper arm?

A

Humerus

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5
Q

What are the two bones of the forearm?

A

The radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial)

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6
Q

Where does the humerus articulate distally?

A

Ulnar - at the trochlea

Radius - at the rounded capitulum

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7
Q

Where does the radial articulate?

A

Scaphoid and Lunate carpal bones

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8
Q

What bone is the olecranon part of?

A

The ulnar bone

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9
Q

Where does the ulnar articulate with the radius?

A

At the radial notch

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10
Q

How many carpal bones are there?

A

8 (Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle)

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11
Q

Moving radial to ulnar in the 2 rows what are the carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

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12
Q

How many metacarpal bones are there?

A

5

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13
Q

Name the two joints of the shoulder girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

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14
Q

What two ligaments stabilise the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments

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15
Q

What 4 muscles are involved in wrist flexion (wrist dropped)?

A

Flexor carpi radialis (median nerve), Palmaris longus (median nerve), Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve) and Long flexors of digits

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16
Q

What 3 muscles are involved in wrist extension? ( wrist bent back)

A

Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Lng extensors of digits

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17
Q

What 3 muscles are involved in radial deviation (abduction)

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis
Long flexor and extensor of the thumb

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18
Q

What 2 muscles are involved in ulnar deviation?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

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19
Q

What ligaments reinforce the joint capsule of the hip? Which is the strongest?

A

Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral and Ischiofemoral - iliofemoral is the strongest

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20
Q

Where does the patellar ligament insert onto?

A

The tibial tuberosity

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21
Q

Where does most of the blood supply to the knee come from?

A

Genicular arteries of the popliteal artery

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22
Q

Where does psoas major arise from?

A

Transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae and sides of T12-L5 vertebra

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23
Q

What is the action of psoas major and what muscle does it “blend” with?

A

Flexion of the thigh at the hip and flexion of the trunk at the hip and blends with ilacus

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24
Q

What innervates psoas major?

A

L1-L3

25
Q

Where does your tensor fascia latae originate and insert?

A

From ASIS to iliotibial tract - lateral condyle of tibia

26
Q

What is the action of TFL?

A

flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip

But chiefly hip flexion

27
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris and what is its innervation?

A

Hip flexion but primarily knee extension

Innervated by femoral nerve - L2,3 and 4

28
Q

What is the pectineus innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve

29
Q

What is the action of pectineus?

A

Adduction and flexion of the thigh at the hip joint

assists medial rotation

30
Q

What are the adductors of the hip and what is their innervation?

A

Obturator nerve

Longus, brevis and magnus

31
Q

What is the action of gluteus maximus and what is it innervated by?

A

Powerful extensor and lateral rotator of thigh at the hip joint
Innervated by superior gluteal nerve

32
Q

Where does the piriformis muscle arise from?

A

THe anterior surface of the 2nd-4th sacral segments and the sacrotuberous ligament

33
Q

Where does the piriformis insert?

A

By round tendon into the greater trochanter of the femur

34
Q

Where does the piriformis pass through and why is this of clinical relevance?

A

It passes through the greater sciatic forament in close relationship with the sciatic nerve - hypertrophy or spasm of this muscle can cause sciatica

35
Q

Where does the femoral nerve arise from and what generally does it innervate?

A

L2,3 and 4 and innervates the extensors of the knee

36
Q

Where does the obturator nerve arise from and what generally does it innervate?

A

L2,3 and 4 and innervates the adductors of the hip in the medial compartment

37
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

ALl the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

38
Q

What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve and what do they innervate?

A

Tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves that innervate all muscles below the knee

39
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

The external iliac artery

40
Q

What roots form the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1 spinal nerves

41
Q

What do the 5 roots of the brachial plexus give rise to?

A

3 trunks: Sup, Mid, Inf
3 anterior and 3 posterior divisions which form 3 cords: lateral, posterior and medial
These then give rise to the 5 terminal branches

42
Q

What is an Erb’s palsy?

A

Upper plexus injury affecting largely the muscles of the shoulder and arm and present as an extended elbow and wrist drop but normal grasp

43
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Extensor compartment of the arm, the triceps and anconeus

44
Q

What two nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles on the anterior side of the hand?

A

Median and ulnar nerves

45
Q

What are the two largest superficial veins of the arm?

A

Cephalic vein and basilic vein

46
Q

What vein passes across the anterior cubital fossa and what does it join?

A

Median cubital vein and joins the cephalic and basilic veins

47
Q

What does the cephalic vein drain into?

A

The axillary vein

48
Q

What are the three main muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm? Whats the innervation?

A

BBC - Biceps, bracialis and coracobracialis

Musculocutaneous nerve

49
Q

What muscle forms the base of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachialis

50
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexion and adduction of the elbow and arm

51
Q

What is the action of biceps brachii?

A

Flexion and supination at the elbow

52
Q

What is the action of brachialis

A

Major flexor at the elbow

53
Q

What muscles are contained within the posterior compartment of the upper arm? What is the innervation and main action?

A

Triceps brachii, extension, radial nerve

anconeus and brachioradialis?

54
Q

What is the action of anconeus?

A

Assists triceps, stabilises elbow joint

55
Q

What is the action of brachioradialis?

A

In between both compartments, innervated by radial nerve but flexes forearm

56
Q

What is the blood supply to the arm (pathway)

A

SVC –> axillary artery after lateral margin of the 1st rib –> Brachial artery + Profunda brachii -> radial and ulnar –> superficial and deep palmar arches

57
Q

What are the 3 parts of the axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic (above teres minor)
Thoraco-acromial
Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries which go around the surgical neck of the humerus

58
Q

Where does the profunda brachii artery run and what does it supply?

A

Runs in the radial groove of humerus and supplies posterior compartment of the arm. Also gives two collaterals to the lateral epicondyle

Anatomy (6 decks)

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