Thorax

Question 1

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 1

Saddle type synovial joint

Question 2

What structure closes the inferior thoracic aperture?

Answer 2

Abdominal diaphragm

Question 3

What ribs are the true ribs?

Answer 3

1-7

Question 4

What ribs are the false ribs?

Answer 4

8-12

Question 5

What ribs are floating ribs?

Answer 5

11-12

Question 6

What muscles lie between the ribs and what are they innervated by?

Answer 6

Intercostal muscles innervated by intercostal nerves

Question 7

What muscle prevents winging of the scapula? What movement is it important for?

Answer 7

Serratus anterior - important in abduction of the arm above 90 degrees

Question 8

What do the dorsal and ventral roots combine to form?

Answer 8

Spinal nerve

Question 9

Where do itnercostal nerves run?

Answer 9

In the inferior margin in the costal groove of each rib

Question 10

What is the PS innervation of the heart? What does it do?

Answer 10

Vagus nerve - decreases HR

Question 11

Where does Sympathetic innervation of the heart arise from? What does it do?

Answer 11

Sympathetic trunk - increases HR and contractile force

Question 12

Which vein drains the upper limb?

Answer 12

Subclavian vein

Question 13

Which vein drains the head and neck?

Answer 13

Internal jugular vein

Question 14

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 14

When fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity compromising its ability to contract and relax effectively

Question 15

What venous system drains the deep structures of the back, thoracic wall and abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Azygous venous system

Question 16

Where does 75% of lymphatic drainage from the breast go to?

Answer 16

Axilliary lymph nodes

Question 17

What quadrant do more breast cancers develop in?

Answer 17

Upper outer quadrant

Question 18

What divides the middle and inferior right lung lobes?

Answer 18

Oblique fissure

Question 19

What divides the middle and superior right lung lobes?

Answer 19

horizontal fissure

Question 20

What divides the left lung into its two lobes?

Answer 20

oblique fissure

Question 21

How many bronchopulmonary segments do each lung contain?

Answer 21

10 - supplied by segmental bronchus and artery

Question 22

What connects papilliary muscles in the heart to the cusps of the AV valves?

Answer 22

Chordae tendinae

Question 23

What is the type of joint between vertebral bodies in the thoracic spine?

Answer 23

Made of fibrocartilage -symphysis

Question 24

What is the type of joint between vertebral arches?

Answer 24

Between articulation of superior and infertior articular processes - synovial

Question 25

What ligaments strengthen the thoracic spine?

Answer 25

Anterior and posterior longitudinal Ligamentum flavum Interspinous ligament Supraspinous ligament

Question 26

Where do the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run in the spine?

Answer 26

The length of the vertebral column anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 27

What are the 5 muscles of the thoracic cage that make the thoracic wall?

Answer 27

3 intercostals (innermost, internal, external), subcostals and transversus thoracics.

Question 28

What are the three peripheral attachments fro the diaphragm?

Answer 28

Lumbar verterbrae and arcuate ligaments Costal cartilages ribs 7-12 Xiphoid process

Question 29

What are the left and right crura of the diaphragm?

Answer 29

The parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebra and are tendinous

Question 30

Where does the Right crus arise from?

Answer 30

L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs

Question 31

Where does the Left Crus Arise from?

Answer 31

L1-L2 and their intervertebral discs

Question 32

What are the three openings within the diaphragm and what are their levels?

Answer 32

Oesophageal (T10) Aortic (T12) Caval (T8)

Question 33

What does the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm transmit?

Answer 33

Oesophagus, vagus nerve and oesophageal brances of the left gastric vessels

Question 34

What does the Aortic opening in the diaphragm transmit?

Answer 34

Aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein

Question 35

What does caval opening in the diaphragm transmit?

Answer 35

Inferior vena cava