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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle type synovial joint

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2
Q

What structure closes the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

Abdominal diaphragm

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3
Q

What ribs are the true ribs?

A

1-7

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4
Q

What ribs are the false ribs?

A

8-12

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5
Q

What ribs are floating ribs?

A

11-12

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6
Q

What muscles lie between the ribs and what are they innervated by?

A

Intercostal muscles innervated by intercostal nerves

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7
Q

What muscle prevents winging of the scapula? What movement is it important for?

A

Serratus anterior - important in abduction of the arm above 90 degrees

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8
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral roots combine to form?

A

Spinal nerve

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9
Q

Where do itnercostal nerves run?

A

In the inferior margin in the costal groove of each rib

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10
Q

What is the PS innervation of the heart? What does it do?

A

Vagus nerve - decreases HR

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11
Q

Where does Sympathetic innervation of the heart arise from? What does it do?

A

Sympathetic trunk - increases HR and contractile force

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12
Q

Which vein drains the upper limb?

A

Subclavian vein

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13
Q

Which vein drains the head and neck?

A

Internal jugular vein

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14
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

When fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity compromising its ability to contract and relax effectively

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15
Q

What venous system drains the deep structures of the back, thoracic wall and abdominal wall?

A

Azygous venous system

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16
Q

Where does 75% of lymphatic drainage from the breast go to?

A

Axilliary lymph nodes

17
Q

What quadrant do more breast cancers develop in?

A

Upper outer quadrant

18
Q

What divides the middle and inferior right lung lobes?

A

Oblique fissure

19
Q

What divides the middle and superior right lung lobes?

A

horizontal fissure

20
Q

What divides the left lung into its two lobes?

A

oblique fissure

21
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments do each lung contain?

A

10 - supplied by segmental bronchus and artery

22
Q

What connects papilliary muscles in the heart to the cusps of the AV valves?

A

Chordae tendinae

23
Q

What is the type of joint between vertebral bodies in the thoracic spine?

A

Made of fibrocartilage -symphysis

24
Q

What is the type of joint between vertebral arches?

A

Between articulation of superior and infertior articular processes - synovial

25
Q

What ligaments strengthen the thoracic spine?

A

Anterior and posterior longitudinal
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament

26
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run in the spine?

A

The length of the vertebral column anteriorly and posteriorly

27
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the thoracic cage that make the thoracic wall?

A

3 intercostals (innermost, internal, external), subcostals and transversus thoracics.

28
Q

What are the three peripheral attachments fro the diaphragm?

A

Lumbar verterbrae and arcuate ligaments
Costal cartilages ribs 7-12
Xiphoid process

29
Q

What are the left and right crura of the diaphragm?

A

The parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebra and are tendinous

30
Q

Where does the Right crus arise from?

A

L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs

31
Q

Where does the Left Crus Arise from?

A

L1-L2 and their intervertebral discs

32
Q

What are the three openings within the diaphragm and what are their levels?

A

Oesophageal (T10)
Aortic (T12)
Caval (T8)

33
Q

What does the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm transmit?

A

Oesophagus, vagus nerve and oesophageal brances of the left gastric vessels

34
Q

What does the Aortic opening in the diaphragm transmit?

A

Aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein

35
Q

What does caval opening in the diaphragm transmit?

A

Inferior vena cava

Anatomy (6 decks)

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