Thorax Flashcards
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle type synovial joint
What structure closes the inferior thoracic aperture?
Abdominal diaphragm
What ribs are the true ribs?
1-7
What ribs are the false ribs?
8-12
What ribs are floating ribs?
11-12
What muscles lie between the ribs and what are they innervated by?
Intercostal muscles innervated by intercostal nerves
What muscle prevents winging of the scapula? What movement is it important for?
Serratus anterior - important in abduction of the arm above 90 degrees
What do the dorsal and ventral roots combine to form?
Spinal nerve
Where do itnercostal nerves run?
In the inferior margin in the costal groove of each rib
What is the PS innervation of the heart? What does it do?
Vagus nerve - decreases HR
Where does Sympathetic innervation of the heart arise from? What does it do?
Sympathetic trunk - increases HR and contractile force
Which vein drains the upper limb?
Subclavian vein
Which vein drains the head and neck?
Internal jugular vein
What is cardiac tamponade?
When fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity compromising its ability to contract and relax effectively
What venous system drains the deep structures of the back, thoracic wall and abdominal wall?
Azygous venous system
Where does 75% of lymphatic drainage from the breast go to?
Axilliary lymph nodes
What quadrant do more breast cancers develop in?
Upper outer quadrant
What divides the middle and inferior right lung lobes?
Oblique fissure
What divides the middle and superior right lung lobes?
horizontal fissure
What divides the left lung into its two lobes?
oblique fissure
How many bronchopulmonary segments do each lung contain?
10 - supplied by segmental bronchus and artery
What connects papilliary muscles in the heart to the cusps of the AV valves?
Chordae tendinae
What is the type of joint between vertebral bodies in the thoracic spine?
Made of fibrocartilage -symphysis
What is the type of joint between vertebral arches?
Between articulation of superior and infertior articular processes - synovial
What ligaments strengthen the thoracic spine?
Anterior and posterior longitudinal
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament
Where do the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run in the spine?
The length of the vertebral column anteriorly and posteriorly
What are the 5 muscles of the thoracic cage that make the thoracic wall?
3 intercostals (innermost, internal, external), subcostals and transversus thoracics.
What are the three peripheral attachments fro the diaphragm?
Lumbar verterbrae and arcuate ligaments
Costal cartilages ribs 7-12
Xiphoid process
What are the left and right crura of the diaphragm?
The parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebra and are tendinous
Where does the Right crus arise from?
L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs
Where does the Left Crus Arise from?
L1-L2 and their intervertebral discs
What are the three openings within the diaphragm and what are their levels?
Oesophageal (T10)
Aortic (T12)
Caval (T8)
What does the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm transmit?
Oesophagus, vagus nerve and oesophageal brances of the left gastric vessels
What does the Aortic opening in the diaphragm transmit?
Aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein
What does caval opening in the diaphragm transmit?
Inferior vena cava
