Up and Atom

Question 1

Rule #1

Answer 1

the atomic number = the number of protons.
Sodium has 11 protons, so its atomic number is 11

Question 2

Rule #2

Answer 2

the number of protons = the number of electrons
Eg. Sodium – 11 protons (11+), 11 electrons (11-)

Question 3

Rule #3

Answer 3

The mass number = neutrons + electrons
Eg. For Lithium
Mass number = 7
Atomic Number = 3 (number of protons)
Neutrons = (7 - 3) = 4 neutrons

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

positive charge ( + )

Question 5

Electrons

Answer 5

negative charge ( − )
Electrons are Small - 1/1800th the size of a proton.

Question 6

Neutrons

Answer 6

No charge

Question 7

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Answer 7

1st shell: 2
2nd Shell: 8
3rd Shell: 8
4th Shell: 2

Question 8

THE PERIODIC TABLE ORGANISES ELEMENTS ACCORDING TO THREE FACTORS:

Answer 8

Atomic Number
Periods
Groups

Question 9

Isotopes

Answer 9

atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
- Boron-10 (10B) has 5 protons and 5 neutrons
- Boron-11 (11B) has 5 protons and 6 neutrons

Question 10

ion

Answer 10

an atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge, either positive or negative

Question 11

positive ion or cation

Answer 11

An atom that loses electrons has more protons than electrons and so has a positive overall charge.

Question 12

negative ion or anion

Answer 12

An atom that gains electrons has more electrons than protons and so has a negative overall charge

Question 13

HOW DO THEY BOND?

Answer 13

1. Ionic bonding occurs between a METAL and a NON-METAL.
2. The METAL atom loses electrons forming an ion with a POSITIVE charge (a CATION).
3. The NON-METAL atom gains electrons forming an ion with a NEGATIVE charge (an ANION).
4. Metal atoms give electrons to non-metal atoms.

Question 14

What ion will Fluorine form?

Answer 14

1. Fluorine: 2, 7
2. Gain one electron
3. It will become a negative anion
4. F-

Question 15

Metal Atoms

Answer 15

• Lose electrons from their outer shell and become positively charged cations

Question 16

Metallic Bonding

Answer 16

formed by a lattice of positive cations that has a sea of delocalised electrons flowing through the lattice

Question 17

malleable

Answer 17

can be bent or hammered into shapes eg: silver and gold

Question 18

ductile

Answer 18

stretching out into a wire eg: gold

Question 19

lustre

Answer 19

all metals are shiny and light is reflected back from the metal when freshly cut

Question 20

conduct electricity/heat

Answer 20

the free electrons in the lattice can “flow” through the metal to transfer heat or electricity eg: pot on a stove

Question 21

state at room temperature

Answer 21

solid except mercury

Question 22

melting points

Answer 22

very high melting and boiling points

Question 23

density

Answer 23

packed tightly together (hard and dense)

Question 24

sonorous

Answer 24

makes a ringing sound when hit - they don’t make a dull thud

Question 25

tensile

Answer 25

very strong and resistant, not going to stretch.

Question 26

periods

Answer 26

• a new outer shell is added each period (rows)

Question 27

groups

Answer 27

• electrons are added moving to the right of the periods (groups)

Question 28

halogens characteristics

Answer 28

• highly reactive
• non-metals
• add an electrons for a full shell (to be stable)

Question 29

Alkali metals

Answer 29

• react aggressively
• metals
• lose an electron for a full outer shell

Question 30

characteristics of metals