Australian History Flashcards
What is firestick farming
the burning of undergrowth of forests to enhance the productivity of their land.
What is Bush tucker
a phrase used to describe the native edible plants and animals. You would never take all the plants, to help you know exactly where to look for such plants in future seasons
Aboriginal Land Use and Techniques (SLUD)
- They managed the land through seasonal rotation ( moved accordingly to the seasons and the availability of food resources )
- They used the land’s natural resources to heal wounds and basic illnesses. They knew where to find water and understood how to manage vegetation so that trees, bushes and plants remained productive.
- They enjoyed a deep spiritual connection to the land through their dreaming and smoking ceremonies
- They were caretakers and custodians of the land, who had a responsibility to preserve and maintain the land for future generations.
Reasons for European Colonisation (PUR)
- The Europeans believed the land was unoccupied, also known as “Terra Nullius”
- There were reports of fertile land, friendly natives and perfect weather to establish a new Penal Colony
British attitudes towards land ownership and Aboriginal people’s attitude towards the land
- They believed that the Aboriginal people did NOT use the land
- They did not use fences; instead natural features of the land like rocks and rivers, indicated boundaries between different clans’ territories. This made the British believe that no one used the land
- Unlike the British, Indigenous people did believe in privately owning the land. They believed that the land was to be shared by all. Therefore they believed in the idea of communal ownership that the British did not.
Impacts of Colonisation on Aboriginal People
- Population Decline; diseases, warfare and violence
- Dispossession of traditional lands
- Made them dependent on white people (the White Australia policy of 1901)
- Destruction of tribes
Causes and outcomes of frontier wars
- Aboriginal people resisted the European settlement through organised attacks. In retaliation, colonisers took revenge through attacks, massacres and violent raids on the camps of those they thought attacked them.
- Lots more Aboriginal people died than European colonisers did, resulting in a population loss.
Social Outcomes of the Gold Rush (PCG)
- Population Growth - attracted loads of people around the world to come to the goldfields
- Cultural Diversity - brought together people of different ethnicities
- Gender Imbalance - the majority of gold seekers were men, leaving female-dominated industries
Eureka Rebellion Outcomes
- The rebellion led to a fairer gold fields system with the licence replaced by the cheaper ‘Miners’ Right’ , giving miners the right to vote
- The act is seen as the first steps on the path of Australia’s democracy
What is federation
the unification of independant colonies to form one nations
What was it like before federation (SUI)
Each settlement was:
- self-governing
- under the power of the British government
- an individual British colony
They had their own:
- government and laws
- defence force
- stamps and taxes
Benefits of Federation
- Free Trade - no taxes on goods exchanged between the colonies
- Immigration -maintained colonies British heritage
- Defence - united defence force = better protection
- National Pride - a distinct cultural identity
Disadvantages of Federation CPW
- Many feared cutting communication ad cutting ties with England
- States believed that other states would have more power
- Richer colonies would lose their wealth and the poor would gain wealth as they join
Constitution Section 51
- stated that the federal government had no power to make laws for aborigines.
Constitution Section 127
- Aboriginal people were not to be counted in the census, effectively placing them in the same category as flora and fauna.
