Unusual and Unique Presentations Flashcards
cause of feline acne
most commonly idiopathic;
has been associated with malassezia, dermatophytosis, demodex and bacteria
early lesions of feline acne
black follicular casts and comedones on the chin and lower lip
at what stage may the lesions of feline acne bother the cat
when they progress to papules and folliculitis
severe feline acne may be painful and pruritic with lesions such as
chronically dilated follicular cysts, draining tracts and furunculosis
diagnosis of feline acne
clinical signs
if feline acne is severe, what further tests should be done
cytology, skin scraping and fungal culture
treatment of feline acne
not needed in mild cases;
severe cases – clipping and warm packs, oral antibiotics for secondary infection, mupirocin cream, regular cleaning, change food bowls to metal or ceramic ones
what is acral lick dermatitis
canine dermatological condition that results from an urge to lick the distal cranial portion of a leg producing a thickened, firm oval plaque
what type of dog is acral lick dermatitis most common in
large breed, active dogs
cause of acral lick dermatitis
psychogenic can be a cause but you must rule out:
bacterial or fungal disease, demodicosis, previous trauma causing nerve injury, allergic dermatitis and underlying orthopedic disease as other possible causes
diagnosis of acral lick dermatitis
clinical exam and history;
skin scrapings, cytology and fungal culture can be used to look for primary factors or secondary infections
definitive diagnosis of acral lick dermatitis
histopathology — doesn’t usually reveal underlying cause though
treatment of acral lick dermatitis
oral antibiotics (since normally secondarily infected);
elizabethan collar, behavior modification, antidepresants (clomicalm), intralesional steroid injections, topical products (DMSO with corticosteroids), surgical removal and acupuncture
lesions of cutaneous vasculitis
most common is ulceration — seen in extremeties
what concurrent diseases can vasculitis be seen with
infections, food hypersensitivity, insect bites and neoplasia
what are some precipitating factors for vasculitis
vaccines, infections and drugs
50% of vasculitis is caused by
idiopathic!
which breed has some familial vasculitis
jack russell terriers
diagnosis of vasculitis
histopathology
treatment of vasculitis
correct underlying cause and immunomodulatory drug treatment
why is immunomodulatory drug therapy a recommended treatment for vasculitis
mechanism of vasculitis is thought to involve a type 3 hypersensitivity
what can be used to treat mild vasculitis
pentoxifylline
what drugs are more useful in severe vasculitis cases
corticosteroids, tetracycline and niacinamide, cyclosporine
what are perianal fistulae
chronic inflammatory lesions characterized by draining tracts around the anus of dogs
3 characteristics of perianal fistulae lesions
painful, malodorous and ulcerative
2 breeds predisposed to perianal fistulae and the age affected
german shepherds and irish setters;
over 5 years old
diagnosis of perianal fistula
clinical signs
treatment of perianal fistula
cyclosporine; antibiotics for secondary infection
some clinicians may combine with ketoconazole to lower dose of cyclosporine— remember adverse effects
what body part does symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy affect
multiple claws in dogs
typical history of SLO
single abnormal claw that sloughs and becomes painful – within 2-8 weeks all the claws do this
what do claws that regrow after SLO look like
short, misshapen, dry, brittle, soft, discolored
diagnosis of SLO
clinical signs and histopathology
how is histopathology done for SLO
amputation of distal phalanx (P3) from which nail is abnormal but still intact
treatment of SLO
omega-3 and omega-6 FA;
prednisone, tetracycline niacinamide, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine — depending on severity
if only one nail is affected, what do we suspect
probably not SLO; think about trauma or nailbed neoplasia (SCC, melanoma)
if several adjacent nails and skin are affected, what do we suspect
onychomycosis (dermatophyte infection)
what is juvenile cellulitis
an uncommon, granulomatous and pustular disorder of the face, ears and submandibular LN that occurs in puppies (3W-4M old)
which breeds is juvenile cellulitis most common in
golden retrievers and daschunds
presentation of juvenile cellulitis
facial swelling – eyelids, lips and muzzle
striking lymphadenopathy, pustules, fistulae and crusts
diagnosis of juvenile cellulitis
biopsy
treatment of juvenile cellulitis
large doses of corticosteroids
