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Dermatology > Scaling or Greasy Skin > Flashcards

Scaling or Greasy Skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

seborrhea sicca

A

dry form

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2
Q

seborrhea oleosa

A

greasy form

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3
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

accompanied with by inflammation

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4
Q

seborrhea

A

disorders of the skin resulting in excessively scaly or greasy skin

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5
Q

seborrhea can be produced by disorders that cause

A

altered cellular proliferation, differentiation or desquamation

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6
Q

in addition to flaky or oily skin and hair, how can patients present with seborrhea

A

malodor or pruritus

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7
Q

general causes of altered cellular proliferation, differentiation or desquamation

A

any cause of inflammation, endocrine imbalances, nutritional factors and environmental factors

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8
Q

major differentials for scaling or greasy skin

A

malassezia dermatitis, sebaceous adenitis, keratinization disorders (primary idiopathic seborrhea), pyoderma/bacterial overgrowth syndrome, demodicosis, dermatophytosis, vitamin a responsive dermatosis, endocrine skin disease, cheyletiella, ichthyosis, cutaneous lymphoma, paraneoplastic disorders

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9
Q

what diagnostic test is very significant in scaling or greasy skin

A

skin scrapings and cytology

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10
Q

three major causes of crusting

A

pyoderma, demodicosis, dermatophytosis

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11
Q

what is malassezia dermatitis

A

a fungal skin infection caused by a lipophilic commensal yeast

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12
Q

most common cause of malassezia dermatitis

A

malassezia pachydermatis

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13
Q

true or false: malassezia dermatitis is more common in dogs than cats

A

true

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14
Q

which bacteria is malassezia said to have a symbiotic relationship with

A

staphylococci

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15
Q

does malassezia invade the skin

A

no, proliferates on the surface

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16
Q

what does the surface over-proliferation of malassezia cause

A

inflammatory or hypersensitivity reactions to the products of the yeast

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17
Q

what areas of the body does malassezia thrive in

A

areas with of skin with higher humidity, skin folds, greasy (seborrheic) skin and in areas with staphylococcal overgrowth

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18
Q

which breeds have a genetic predisposition to malassezia overgrowth

A

shih tzu, lhasa apsos, west highland white terriers, basset hounds and devon rex cats

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19
Q

what underlying conditions can be associated with malassezia

A

atopic dermatitis, seborrheic disorders, pyoderma, endocrine disorders

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20
Q

what clinical sign is a consistent feature in malassezia dermatitis

A

pruritus – can be severe

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21
Q

which areas are commonly affected in malassezia dermatitis

A

feet, lip folds, nailbeds, ventral neck, other folds

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22
Q

lesions of localized malassezia dermatitis

A

erythematous, greasy, brown discoloration

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23
Q

lesions of generalized malassezia dermatitis

A

erythematous, greasy, scaly, crusty, rancid odor (corn chips)

24
Q

what do cats most commonly show with malassezia

A

otitis externa

25
Q

diagnosis of malassezia dermatitis

A

cytologic exam – tape preparation

26
Q

how many yeast are significant for malassezia dermatitis

A

1 or more per oil immersion field

27
Q

are fungal cultures useful in diagnosing malassezia dermatitis

A

no

28
Q

can skin biopsies diagnose malassezia dermatitis

A

it can but is also very easy to miss the organism

29
Q

treatment of malassezia dermatitis is best done with a combination of

A

systemic and topical therapy

30
Q

with what drug and for how long is malasezzia treated systemically

A

ketoconazole for 7 days past a clinical cure (2-4 weeks total)

31
Q

which animals should ketoconazole not be used in

A

cats;

dogs with liver disease

32
Q

when an animal is on an antifungal drugs systemically, what should clients do if lethargy or inappetence occur

A

stop immediately – rare potential for idiosyncratic hepatopathy

33
Q

which drugs does ketoconazole interact with

A

cyclosporine, ivermectin

34
Q

examples of topical therapy for malassezia dermatitis

A

shampoos containing miconazole or selenium sulfide or ketoconazole

35
Q

what is the best topical treatment for malassezia dermatitis that is not yet available in canada

A

miconazole + chlorhexidine shampoo

36
Q

what is key to controlling malassezia overgrowth recurrence in patients

A

control any concurrent disease or underlying condition

37
Q

what is granulomatous sebaceous adenitis

A

an idiopathic, heritable inflammatory skin disorder in dogs affecting sebaceous glands in young to middle ages dogs

38
Q

what occurs regarding the sebaceous glands in sebaceous adenitis

A

progressive destruction of sebaceous glands and with that loss of sebum production

39
Q

breed predisposition to sebaceous adenitis

A

standard poodle (autosomal recessive), samoyed, akita

40
Q

signs of sebaceous adenitis

A

progressive areas of hair loss, poor hair coat, dry hair, excessive scaling and follicular plugging and casts

41
Q

what endocrine disease is it easy to mistake sebaceous adenitis for

A

hypothyroidism

42
Q

what secondary infection is common with sebaceous adenitis

A

pyoderma

43
Q

diagnosis of sebaceous adenitis

A

characteristic inflammatory pattern or with chronic cases you can see absence of sebaceous glands – skin biopsy

44
Q

treatment of sebaceous adenitis aims to

A

restore oil to skin surface and hair follicles

45
Q

treatment options for sebaceous adenitis

A

fatty acid supplementation;
topical therapy is key – bath oil to wet skin;
cyclosporine

46
Q

what is primary idiopathic seborrhea

A

a disorder of keratinization leading to more rapid epidermal cell renewal time

47
Q

what breed is primary idiopathic seborrhea common in

A

cocker spaniel

48
Q

what is the epidermal cell renewal time in a cocker spaniel with primary idiopathic seborrhea

A

8 days (versus normal at 21 days)

49
Q

common findings with primary idiopathic seborrhea

A

dull coat, excessive flaking, greasy malodorous skin, otitis externa;
can see digital hyperkeratosis and brittle claws

50
Q

diagnosis of primary idiopathic seborrhea

A

skin biopsy and exclusion of other causes of scaling/greasy skin

51
Q

why is it important to exclude other causes of scaling/greasy skin in patients with primary idiopathic seborrhea

A

because primary and secondary seborrhea look histologically similar

52
Q

is primary seborrhea curable

A

no, but is manageable with shampoos and conditioners

53
Q

true or false: secondary infections commonly occur with primary seborrhea and are important to control

A

true

54
Q

in addition to shampoos and conditioners, what can be used to treat dogs with primary seborrhea

A

omega-6 and omega-3 FA

55
Q

what is vitamin A responsive dermatosis

A

condition in cocker spaniels with ADULT ONSET that is characterized by marked follicular plugging and hyperkeratotic plaques

56
Q

how is a diagnosis of vitamin A responsive dermatosis made

A

response to vitamin A therapy

Dermatology (10 decks)

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