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Dermatology > Nasal, Footpad and/or Mucocutaneous Lesions > Flashcards

Nasal, Footpad and/or Mucocutaneous Lesions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is an essential diagnostic test for lesions involving the nose, footpad or mucocutaneous region

A

skin biopsy

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2
Q

Major differential diagnoses for nasal, foot pad or mucocutaneous lesions

A 
pemphigus foliaceus
DLE
uveodermatologic syndrome
superficialnecrolytic dermatitis
cutaneous lymphoma
nasal/footpad hyperkeratosis
SCC
SLE
cutaneous lupus
other neoplasia
systemic mycoses
dermatitis secondary to nasal discharge
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3
Q

what is the most common immune mediated skin disease of dogs and cats

A

pemphigus foliaceus

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4
Q

what is the immune mediated reaction in PF against

A

desmoglein 1 (glycoprotein of desmosomes involved in intracellular adhesion)

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5
Q

what does the immune-mediated attack against desmoglein 1 in PF cause

A

loss of intracellular adhesions leading to development of pustular, crusting dermatitis

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6
Q

which breeds are predisposed to PF

A

akitas and chow chows

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7
Q

what is the average age of onset for PF

A

4 years

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8
Q

where do PF lesions often begin

A

face and ears

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9
Q

where are lesions of PF frequently seen that are not seen in pyoderma

A

nasal planum, foot pads and/or inner pinnae

loss of cobblestone architecture on nose

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10
Q

where do cats often show lesions of PF

A

nails and nipples

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11
Q

how is a diagnosis of PF made

A

clinical signs and biopsy (histopath)

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12
Q

what is the best lesion to sample for PF

A

pustule

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13
Q

what lesion should be sampled in PF if pustules are not present

A

crusts — make sure to include in biopsy

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14
Q

what is seen on histopathology in PF

A

free-floating keratinocytes – acantholytic cells – in a pustule or crust

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15
Q

can cytology be used to diagnose PF

A

no it can be used as a sneak peak and to rule out pyoderma though

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16
Q

treatment of PF

A

immunosuppressive therapy

  • prednisone/prednisolone
  • azathioprine (DOGS)
  • chlorambucil (CATS)
  • cyclosporine
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17
Q

what does cyclosporine do in the treatment of PF

A

steroid sparing

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18
Q

what combination can be used to treat mild cases of PF

A

tetracycline and niacinamide

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19
Q

prognosis for PF

A

fair – treatment side effects are common

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20
Q

what is the second most common immune-mediated dermatitis in dogs

A

discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)

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21
Q

which breeds are predisposed to DLE

A

Collies and German Shepherds

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22
Q

signs of DLE

A

depigmentation, erythema and scaling of the nasal planum that can progress to erosions, ulceration and crusting
normal cobblestone architecture of nose may be lost

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23
Q

diagnosis of DLE

A

diagnosis is based on clinical signs and histopathology

24
Q

where should you collect areas for biopsy in DLE

A

areas that are in the process of depigmentation

25
Q

treatment of DLE

A

sun avoidance and topical sunscreen
topical corticosteroids or tacrolimus
vitamin E and fatty acid supplements
tetracycline and niacinamide

26
Q

what is uveodermatologic syndrome also known as

A

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada like syndrome

27
Q

what is affected in uveodermatologic syndrome (immune mediated)

A

melanin and melanocytes

28
Q

breed predisposition to uveodermatologic syndrome

A

akitas, chow chows, samoyeds and siberian huskies

29
Q

characteristics of uveodermatologic syndrome

A

acute onset of uveitis and concurrent or subsequent depigmentation of the skin (esp. nasal planum(

30
Q

diagnosis of uveodermatologic syndrome

A

opthalmic exam and skin biopsies

31
Q

complications of the uveitis in uveodermatologic syndrome

A

glaucoma, cataracts and vision loss

32
Q

treatment of uveodermatologic syndrome

A

systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine

33
Q

what is superficial necrolytic dermatitis

A

a disease where keratinocytes are thought to degenerate due to AA deprivation

34
Q

what is superficial necrolytic dermatitis most commonly associated with

A

an underlying ultrasonographically and histologically distinct liver disease

35
Q

what age and breed of dogs is most common to have superficial necrolytic dermatitis

A 
old dogs
(possibly west highland white terriers and shetland sheepdogs)
36
Q

where do lesions of superficial necrolytic dermatitis most commonly occur

A

footpad, muzzle, distal limbs and pressure points

37
Q

lesions of superficial necrolytic dermatitis

A

crusts with peripheral erythema overlying erosions or ulcers

38
Q

diagnosis of superficial necrolytic dermatitis

A

clinical findings, skin biopsies and supporting lab findings

39
Q

prognosis of superficial necrolytic dermatitis

A

grave (5 months)

40
Q

what is the most effective treatment of superficial necrolytic dermatitis

A

intravenous AA

41
Q

two types of cutaneous lymphoma

A

epitheliotropic and non-epitheliotropic

42
Q

what cell line does cutaneous lymphoma originate from

A

T cells

43
Q

what characterizes the epithelitropic form of cutaneous lymphoma

A

highly pleomorphic and can look like many different skin diseases

44
Q

what characterizes the non-epitheliotropic form of cutaneous lymphoma

A

generalized or multifocal nodules and systemic involvement

45
Q

differentials for cutaneous lymphoma when it shows as generalized pruritic erythema and scaling

A

cheyletiella or hypersensitivity dermatitis

46
Q

differentials for cutaneous lymphoma when it shows as mucocutaneous erythema, depigmentation and ulceration

A

immune mediated disease

47
Q

differential for cutaneous lymphoma that shows as infiltrative and erosive oral mucosal disease

A

chronic stomatitis

48
Q

lesions seen in cats with cutaneous lymphoma

A

annular areas of alopecia, erythema and scaling that can resemble dermatophytosis

49
Q

prognosis of cutaneous lymphoma

A

grave

50
Q

what can unilateral hyperkeratosis of the nose be sen with

A

damage to the parasympathetic nerve secondary to otitis media

51
Q

two breeds that have familial footpad hyperkeratosis

A

irish terriers and dogue de bordeuax

52
Q

which breed may have hereditary nasal parakeratosis

A

lab

53
Q

treatment of nasal and foot pad hyperkeratosis

A

depends on underlying condition:
excess keratin can be trimmed and keratin build up minimized by using hydrating and softening agents (petroleum jelly, propylene glycol)

54
Q

where is it very common for squamous cell carcinoma to be present in a cat

A

nose

55
Q

what s plasma cell pododermatitis

A

distinctive idiopathic disorder of the foot pads of cats

56
Q

diagnosis of plasma cell pododermatitis

A

biopsy (multiple plasma cells)

57
Q

treatment of plasma cell pododermatitis

A

corticosteroids

some cats have responded to doxycycline

Dermatology (10 decks)

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