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Dermatology > Localized or Generalized Alopecia > Flashcards

Localized or Generalized Alopecia Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

definition of alopecia

A

loss of hair from areas of the body where it is normally present

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2
Q

basic causes of alopecia

A

decrease in hair numbers, hair miniaturization, or hair breakage

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3
Q

diagnosis of cause of alopecia

A

skin scraping, cytology, fungal culture, trichography, skin biopsy

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4
Q

what is trichography useful for

A

determining if hair loss is due to self-trauma and detecting follicular dysplasia

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5
Q

what further tests should be done with generalized alopecia

A

minimum data base (bloodwor and U/A) and endocrine testing

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6
Q

differentials for alopecia

A 
folliculitis
vaccine-associated ischemic dermatopathy
familial canine dermatomyositis
hyperadrenocorticism
hypothyroidism
alopecia X
cyclic flank alopecia
pattern baldness
color dilution alopecia
sertoli cell tumor
anagen defluxion
telogen defluxion
feline symmetrical alopecia
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7
Q

3 most common causes of localized alopecia

A 
bacterial folliculitis (dog)
demodicosis (dog)
dermatophytosis (cat)
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8
Q

what is vaccine associated ischemic dermatopathy

A

alopecia over a vaccine site

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9
Q

cause of vaccine associated ischemic dermatopathy

A

caused by focal cutaneous vasculitis which leads to ischemic injury of skin

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10
Q

when and in what breeds does vaccine associated ischemic dermatopathy occur in

A

few months after vaccine

fluffy white breeds – mini poodles and bichon frises

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11
Q

diagnosis of vaccine associated ischemic dermatopathy

A

clinical signs, history of vaccine and FNA +/- skin biopsy

rule out demodicosis

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12
Q

treatment of vaccine associated ischemic dermatopathy

A

pentoxifylline – anti-inflammatory methylxanthine to improve blood flow through damaged vessels

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13
Q

what is familial canine dermatomyositis

A

hereditary, idiopathic inflammatory condition of the skin and sometimes muscles

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14
Q

what breed does familial canine dermatomyositis occur commonly in

A

shetland sheep dogs and collies – autosomal dominant with variable gene expressivity

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15
Q

when do alopecic lesions of familial canine dermatomyositis occur

A

most commonly before 6 months and can progress up to a year

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16
Q

lesions of familial canine dermatomyositis

A

alopecia, erythema, scaling and mild crusting;
+/- mild pruritus
can have marked atrophy (thin skin with no visible hair follicles)

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17
Q

diagnosis of familial canine dermatomyositis

A

clinical signs and skin biopsy;

also do a skin scraping to rule out demodicosis

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18
Q

treatment of familial canine dermatomyositis

A

pentoxifylline, vitamin E

possibly cyclosporine or topical tacrolimus

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19
Q

how does hyperadrenocorticism cause alopecia

A

hypercortisolism suppresses hair growth leading to telogenization of hairs

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20
Q

characteristics seen in the skin with hyperadrenocorticism

A 
thin, hypotonic skin
symmetrical alopecia
easy bruising
poor wound healing
seborrhea sicca
increased susceptibility to bacterial infection and demodicosis
calcinosis cutis
comedones
coat color lightening
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21
Q

3 characteristic findings with hyperadrenocorticism

A

thin skin, comedones and calcinosis cutis

22
Q

systemic signs of hyperadrenocorticism

A

PU/PD/PP, panting, muscle wasting, pot-belly appearance

23
Q

confirmation of hyperadrenocorticism can be made with what test

A

ACTH stimulation test

24
Q

what does hypothyroidism cause regarding the skin

A

epidermal atrophy and abnormal keratinization

25
Q

lesions of hypothyroidism

A

scaly, dry and hyperpigmented skin
skin can be thicker than normal
failure of hair to grow because thyroid hormone is necessary to initiate anagen

26
Q

when does pruritus occur with hypothyroidism

A

when a secondary bacterial infection is present

27
Q

common location for alopecia with hypothyroidism

A

tail and bridge of nose

28
Q

diagnosis of hypothyroidism

A

low free T4 levels + clinical signs

29
Q

classic hypothyroid dogs show what levels of T4, free T4 and TSH

A

low T4 and free T4

high TSH

30
Q

which breeds are predisposed to alopecia X

A

pomeranians, siberian huskies, samoyeds, malamutes, mini poodles

31
Q

when do clinical signs of alopecia X start to occur

A

before 3 years of age

32
Q

clinical signs of alopecia X

A

dull, dry hair coat with loss of primary hairs;

alopecia affecting the trunk, caudal thighs, neck and tail

33
Q

treatment of alopecia X

A

S/N intact dogs; oral melatonin;

other treatments are controversial because of adverse effects to treat a cosmetic disease

34
Q

clinical signs of cyclic flank alopecia (dog)

A

bilaterally symmetrical hair loss and hyperpigmentation in the flanks that resolves without treatment but may recur in the future

35
Q

which breeds are affected by cyclic flank alopecia

A

bull dogs, boxers, airedale terriers

36
Q

diagnosis of cyclic flank alopecia

A

skin biopsy showing dysplastic, keratin filled follicles

37
Q

treatment of cyclic flank alopecia

A

no treatment required;

can use oral melatonin to speed hair regrowth and prevent in future

38
Q

which colors does color dilution alopecia occur in

A

blue or fawn coat colors

39
Q

which breed is the poster child for color dilution alopecia

A

doberman

40
Q

what is a characteristic finding regarding the hairs in color dilution alopecia

A

brittleness and breakage of affected hairs by 6 months of age

41
Q

cause of color dilution alopecia

A

abnormal melanin deposition in hair shafts and skin –> large irregular macromelanosomes disrupt the integrity of the hair shaft

42
Q

true or false: dogs with color dilution alopecia are prone to secondary bacterial infections

A

true

43
Q

diagnosis of color dilution alopecia

A

rule out other causes of alopecia by skin scraping and biopsy
trichogram should show characteristic clumping of melanin

44
Q

treatment of color dilution alopecia

A

avoid mechanical trauma and treat secondary infections;

can try melatonin but prognosis for hair recovery is poor

45
Q

what is feline symmetrical alopecia

A

a cutaneous reaction pattern

46
Q

cause of feline symmetrical alopecia

A

commonly overgrooming –> may be due to pruritus or psychogenic

other possible underlying cause: hyperthyroidism of FLUTD

47
Q

diagnosis of feline symmetrical alopecia

A

trichograms show ends of hair are broken;

biopsy will show growing anagen hairs

48
Q

differentials for feline symmetrical alopecia

A

flea bite hypersensitivity, atopic dermatitis, adverse food reaction, dermatophytosis, cheyletiella;

less commonly could be truly psychogenic

49
Q

what is anagen defluxion

A

when an insult, such as severe disease or antimitotic drug, causes hair shafts to break off suddenly

50
Q

when does hair loss occur with anagen defluxion

A

within days of insult

51
Q

what is telogen defluxion

A

seen 1-3 months after insult and results from hair follicles entering the telogen phase in synchrony due to stressful incident or drugs

Dermatology (10 decks)

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