Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

blood bank > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What is sulfhemoglobin?

A

Caused by ingestion of sulfonamids, chronic constipation, or ingestion of sulfur chemicals. Cannot carry O2. Irreversible - treatment removes substance.

Toxic at 0.5%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is carboxyhemoglobin?

A

CO replaces O2 molecules bound to Hb; CO bond 240x stronger than O2. Sources include car exhaust. CO is colorless and odorless. Symptoms include hypoxia - cherry skin.

Reversible with oxygen therapy. Toxic at 5.0%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Abnormal variation in RBC volume or diameter (size). Seen in iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and hemolytic anemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is RDW?

A

Red cell distribution width. Histogram with # of cells on Y axis, RBC volume in fL on X axis. Reference range is 11.5-14.5%.

Flagged if less than 11 or more than 18.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

Abnormal shapes of RBCs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are codocytes (target cells)?

A

Hb in center and around periphery like a target. Associated with liver disease and hemoglobinopathies like thalassemia.

Increased surface to volume ratio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a schistocyte?

A

Fragmented RBC, variation in size/shape often with pointed extremities. Associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (DIC), traumatic cardiac hemolysis, and burns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an acanthocyte (spur cell)?

A

RBC with irregularly shaped projections on varying length, width, and number. Associated with abnormal accumulation of lipids in outer lipid layer.

Conditions include abetalipoproteinemia and severe liver disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A

Composed of precipitated hemoglobin, usually membrane bound. Associated with unstable hemoglobin, hemoglobinopathies, and RBC enzyme deficiencies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a Cabot ring?

A

Dark blue to purple ring composed of mitotic spindle. Associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and megaloblastic anemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are malarial parasites?

A

Cause normochromic/normocytic anemia. 1/2 of world’s population at risk. Malaria kills a child a minute and is the third leading cause of death.

90% of malaria cases are in Africa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hemoglobin SC disease?

A

Characterized by intraerythrocytic crystals with a gloved hand appearance. All symptoms of S-S disease, but less frequent/severe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Dohle bodies?

A

Cytoplasmic inclusion composed of RNA from rough ER arranged in parallel rows, close to cell membrane. Presence is nonspecific.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do vacuoles in cytoplasm indicate?

A

Reflect phagocytosis. Autophagocytosis is small and caused by certain drugs, radiation, autoantibodies, or prolonged storage in EDTA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is degranulation in cytoplasm?

A

Decreased number/absence of specific granules in neutrophils and eosinophils. Associated with infection and myelodysplastic syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a necrotic nucleus indicate?

A

Indicates imminent cell death. A pycnotic nucleus shows water loss from nucleus, with dense/dark chromatin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Chédiak-Higashi syndrome?

A

A rare, fatal autosomal recessive disease affecting all organelles, including melanosomes. Symptoms include bleeding tendencies and bacterial infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is May-Hegglin anomaly?

A

An autosomal dominant platelet disorder characterized by basophilic inclusions in WBC, thrombocytopenia, and giant platelets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Pelger-Huët anomaly?

A

An autosomal dominant disorder with decreased segments in neutrophils. Acquired forms show 50% immature cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are reactive lymphs?

A

Lymphocytes reacting to an antigen, showing nuclear and cytoplasmic changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is electronic impedance (Coulter principle)?

A

Counts RBC & WBC electronically by measuring voltage pulses as cells pass through an aperture.

22
Q

What are the principles of automated blood cell analysis using optical scatter?

A

Cells flow in a single line through a flow cell with laser light directed at the sample stream, allowing enumeration and differentiation of cell types.

23
Q

What does VCS stand for?

A

Volume, scatter, conductivity - measures cell opacity and internal structure.

24
Q

What is oxyhemoglobin?

A

O2 bound to heme iron, reversible and measured by cyanmethemoglobin.

25
Q

What is deoxyhemoglobin?

A

CO2 bound to heme iron, reversible and measured by cyanmethemoglobin.

26
Q

What is acquired methemoglobin?

A

Caused by oxidation of heme iron to ferric (Fe3+), cannot bind O2. Symptoms include dizziness and dyspnea.

Toxic at >30%.

27
Q

What is inherited methemoglobin?

A

A rare condition with diminished capacity to reduce methemoglobin, resulting in 30-50% methemoglobin.

28
Q

What are lumpers in RBC morphology?

A

Abnormal RBC morphology seen in a variety of conditions, such as target cells.

29
Q

What are splitters in RBC morphology?

A

Clinically significant abnormalities seen in limited conditions, such as sickle cells.

30
Q

What are microcytes?

A

RBCs with MCV < 80 fL, associated with anemia of chronic inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, and thalassemia.

31
Q

What are macrocytes?

A

RBCs with MCV > 100 fL, can be normal in neonates. Associated with megaloblastic anemia and liver disease.

32
Q

What is polychromatophilia?

A

Reticulocytes visualized at 2.2-3.47%. Measures bone marrow response to RBC production.

33
Q

What are immature red cells (nRBC)?

A

Nucleated red cells on peripheral blood smear are abnormal. Not identified by stages.

34
Q

What is hypochromia?

A

MCHC < 32%, associated with anemia of chronic inflammation and iron deficiency anemia.

35
Q

What is hyperchromia?

A

MCHC > 36%, associated with spherocytes.

36
Q

What are elliptocytes (ovalocytes)?

A

Associated with hereditary elliptocytosis and iron deficiency anemia. Provides some resistance to malaria.

37
Q

What are spherocytes?

A

Dark red, perfectly round cells with no central pallor. Associated with hereditary spherocytosis and immune hemolytic anemias.

38
Q

What is stomatocyte?

A

RBC with a slit-like area of central pallor, associated with hereditary stomatocytosis and acquired conditions.

39
Q

What is echinocyte (burr cell)?

A

Cell with short, evenly spaced projections on RBC membrane, associated with uremia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.

40
Q

What is a dacrocyte (tear drop)?

A

RBC shaped like a pear or tear drop, associated with myelofibrosis and thalassemia.

41
Q

What is a keratocyte (helmet cell)?

A

RBC fragment shaped like a helmet, associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and traumatic cardiac hemolysis.

42
Q

What is basophilic stippling?

A

Fine or coarse granules throughout RBC, associated with lead intoxication and thalassemia.

43
Q

What are siderotic granules (Pappenheimer bodies)?

A

Composed of iron granules, associated with insufficient heme production.

44
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies?

A

Usually one per cell, composed of DNA. Associated with splenectomy and megaloblastic anemia.

45
Q

What is a drepanocyte (sickle cell)?

A

Elongated cell with points on each end, associated with Hb S-S disease.

46
Q

What is a hemoglobin C crystal?

A

Appearance resembles the Washington monument or bars of gold, associated with hemoglobin C disease.

47
Q

What is rouleaux?

A

Stacked coin appearance caused by increased plasma proteins, associated with multiple myeloma.

48
Q

What is agglutination?

A

Clumping of red blood cells due to antigen/antibody interactions, associated with transfusion reactions.

49
Q

What is toxic granulation?

A

Increase of mucosubstance within primary granules, associated with inflammation.

50
Q

What are hypersegmented neutrophils?

A

Neutrophils with 6 or more lobes in nucleus, indicating impaired DNA synthesis.

51
Q

What are T lymphocytes?

A

51-88% of differential, derived from thymus gland, involved in cellular immunity.

52
Q

What are B lymphocytes?

A

3-21% of differential, derived from bone marrow, involved in humoral immunity.

blood bank (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions