Untitled Deck Flashcards
What are the two types of responses to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
The responses to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be short-term or long-term.
What are short-term responses to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
Short-term responses are those which happen straight after an event and include aid and disaster relief.
What are long-term responses to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
Long-term responses aim to reduce the impact of future hazard events and include risk assessments and hazard mapping.
What are long-term responses to earthquakes?
Accurate prediction of earthquakes is not currently possible, but monitoring is.
What methods are used to monitor earthquakes?
Tiltmeters - which monitor ground changes; clusters of small earthquakes; changes in radon gas emissions; changes in animal behaviour; remote sensing of ground movement using satellites.
How do developed countries reduce earthquake impacts through building design?
Building regulations and codes require new buildings to include earthquake-resistant features, including: shutters on windows to prevent falling glass, cross-bracing or diagonal bracing of steel frames, flexible building materials, foundations sunk deep into the bedrock, frames which sway with the earthquake tremors, rubber shock absorbers to reduce tremors moving through the building, reinforced walls/pillars with concrete, shatterproof/reinforced glass, fire-resistant materials, and automatic cut-off for gas/electricity.
What is the purpose of earthquake drills?
In many countries, earthquake drills are regularly carried out to help people prepare for what to do in an earthquake to protect themselves.
How does education help reduce earthquake impacts?
Education about how to prepare homes means that people are less likely to be injured by falling objects and furniture.
What are some long-term responses to both earthquakes and volcanoes?
There are some examples of planning which are used in both areas vulnerable to earthquakes and those vulnerable to volcanic eruptions.
What is remote sensing and how is it used in vulnerable areas?
Remote sensing of the Earth’s surface by satellites such as Sentinel 1 provides data about changes in ground movement.
What is GIS and how is it used in vulnerable areas?
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides layers of data such as vulnerable areas, land use, and infrastructure such as roads. GIS data is then used to assist with land use planning.
What is land use planning and how does it reduce impacts?
Mapping of areas most at risk from earthquakes ensures that valuable services such as the fire service and hospitals are not built in high-risk areas. Densely populated housing can be located away from high-risk areas.
