Unt 3 : Urbanisation Flashcards
Settlement (2).
A settlement is a place where poeple set up home to live. Settlements develop over time and their use can change during this time
Stat ( rural vs urban population )
In 1600 the world population living in urban areas was just less than 5 per cent. now, around 60 per cent of the peoplelive in urban areas
Conurbations
Large towns that grew in size and started to grow into each other
Megacity
A settlement with a population of more than 10 million
Why do these megacities keep getting bigger ?
The settlement hierarchy model suggests that when the population increases so do teh number of services teh settlement provides. With the increase in the number and range of goods and services, the settlement becomes more attractive to people, so more people then move in.More people to travel to the settlement giving it a larger sphere of influence.
Shanty town
Settlement of improvised building made of mud/wood or slum on the outskirts of many cities ( especially third world countries )
Regeneration
Regeneration is the redevelopment of an area. The old buildings are either modernized or knocked down and rebuilt.
Bogota, Columbia (2)
Bogota has developed an ultra efficient bus rapid transit system made up of hybrid and electric buses . It is also adding a new metro line and all taxi’s will be electric
Copenhagen, Denmark (3)(2.4)
The city aims to become carbon neutral by 2025. This means that the city will be able to absorb all the carbon that it emits. To do this teh city is using more green energy, building more energy efficient buildings, reducing teh number of cars, increasing bike lanes and having electric public transport. Also incraesing teh number of plants around the city.
What are the three pillars that must be considered in order for a project to be deemed Sustainable and successful
Environmental economic and social
uWhat is urban regeneration
urban regeneration is an approach to city planning to repair the social and economic problems of an area by improving the physical and environmental aspect of the city as well as the buildings.
Goals of urban regeneration
Urban regeneration aims to transform obsolete blighted areas into economically flourishing areas of a community
One example of Urban regeneration
. The Lower Lea Valley in East London was once an area characterized by industrialization and manufacturing, with much of the land in the area being used for factories and warehouses. However, by the 1980s, many of these businesses had closed down, leaving large areas of the Lower Lea Valley abandoned and in disrepair. In preparation for the 2012 Olympic Games, which were held in London, the Lower Lea Valley underwent significant urban regeneration.
Why was londen chosen ?
London was chosen because of its large area of land, easy transport, because it would create a social and sustainable legacy unlike the previous games where stadiums were abandoned after the event
Social advantages of lower Lea valley regeneration
Athletes village was relaunched as a housing estate call the east village walls were knocked down and kitchens were added up the total homes built, 2818 or 40% of these would be affordable, eventually the whole Olympic Park land would be turned into five new neighborhood that’s housed nearly 8000 people, one new school that cater to all levels of education is Chobham Academy was established, recreational 50 meter pool for community and school use, people are given jobs ( more than 10,000 jobs created)
Social disadvantages of lower Lea valley urban regeneration
Very few jobs were given to local workers and was considered a missed opportunity as most work with outsourced, 450 housing association flats of poorer people were torn down, the barrows surrounding the valley are still extremely poor, produced 3.3 million tons of waste, only 40% of houses what I thought never even these were unavailable for the poorest of the poor, nearly 300 businesses had to move to make way for the stadiums to be built, increase in living costs in the area and area surrounding it (gentrification)
Economic advantages of urban renewal in London lower Lea valley
Stanford got on A new tube and therefore became more connected, infrastructure was massively improved, London received €9 billion in investment, more than 10 billion extra income, all venues were sold
Economic disadvantages of lower Lea valley urban regeneration
The Olympic stadium is estimated to have cost $701 million which is three times the original cost, the total bill which came up to 8770,000,000 was 5 billion over budget, Higher rents
Environmental impacts Positive of lower Lea valley urban renewal
Prior to the regeneration, the Lower Lee Valley was heavily polluted and contaminated due to its industrial history, with contaminated soils and waterways presenting a significant environmental risk.
The regeneration project included extensive environmental remediation efforts, such as the clean-up of contaminated land and the restoration of waterways and green spaces.
The project also aimed to promote sustainable practices, with a focus on reducing waste, conserving energy, and promoting green transport options. 40,000 trees planted, 98% of demolition waste with recycled, 45 head across of my life Park, 300,000 plants, 60,000 bulbs
Negative environmentalImpacts lower Lea valley regeneration
The game is produced 3.3 million tons of waste carbon dioxide, the games also relocated 4000 smooth lizard 100 toads 300 common lizards, Destruction of wetlands
megacity case study
jakarta indonaisa
jakarta trafic stats 3
Jakarta is estimated to lose US$3 billion a year because of traffic congestion. According to Jakarta government sources, the average travelling speed on the roads of Jakarta is 5.2 miles per hour. Jakarta remains the largest city in the world without a metro.
jakarta public transport stat
People who live in the outskirts of Jakarta can save as much as 30% of their transportation costs using motorcycles to work rather than public transport.
jakarta flooding cause
Jakarta lies in a lowland area with 13 rivers. Urban sprawl means that many catchment areas, green areas and wetlands are now covered in impermeable concrete or tarmac reducing lag times and increasing the flood risk and severity across the city. `
jakarta flooding stats 2
In 2007, flooding affected 70% of Jakarta, killing more than 57 people and displacing more than 450,000 from their homes. , A 2010 study by the Environment Ministry, estimated that 92 percent of the city’s land area is highly prone to flooding, while the remainder is mildly prone.
jakarta air pollution stat
About 60 percent of Jakarta’s residents suffer from breathing problems associated with low air quality levels
jakarta slums why ?
Jakarta’s rapid growth has meant the arrival new, mostly poor, residents often moving from rural areas or from smaller cities. Rapid urbanisation has created problems of land and housing scarcity, and as these scarcities increase and housing prices rise, economic factors force the poor to live on land that no one else wants.
jakarta slums stats 3
The UN Human Settlements Program estimate that 26 percent of Indonesia’s urban population lives in slums, only 35% have nearby access to piped water, many of the slum areas in Jakarta are illegal. This means that they can be demolished by the government with no notice even after people have lived and developed homes and communities over many years
jakarta sanitation
many of the slum areas in Jakarta are illegal. This means that they can be demolished by the government with no notice even after people have lived and developed homes and communities over many years.
