Unit 2 : Population Flashcards
Birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 people in a given area per year
Death rate
Total deaths per 1000 people in a given area per year
Life expectancy
Average number of years a person in a particular region is expected to live at the time of birth 
Fertility rate. Hwo is it calculated ?
Average number of children a woman gives birth to in her lifetime. Calculated by taking the total number of births and dividing it by all the woman in the fertile range (15 - 55 )
Infant and child mortality rate
Infant mortality rate measures the number of infants who die before the age of one and child mortality rate is the number of children under the age of five who die 
Why is population data not always teh best way to understand a countries population ?
- Most countries collect data through government census, or via hospitals, health clinics the other official groups.However not all countries have access to these and the cost of collecting data can be very high.
- Not all countries collect data in the same ways which means that we cannot be sure that the data from every country accurately reflects population
- Data can give us the patterns and trends but do not give the causes of wether there is a high ratio of children dying in certain regions.To get a complete and detailed picture we need to consider other factors such as disease prevalence or the country’s income
Why are population pyramids important ? ( 4 )
- Easy way to compare differences in age and sex
-Useful when comparing countries
-Show trends within a country and patterns between different countries - Useful in helping population policy makers determine the future
Age bands for youthful, ageing and working population
Youthful ( 0 - 15 )
Working ( 15 - 59 )
Aging ( 60+)
Migration, immigration and emigration 
Migration is the movement of people. Immigration is the movement into a country and emigration Is the movement of people out of the country
Forced migration
Forced migration is when people leave a place because they feel their life I will be in danger if they stay
Why did teh chinese givernment start teh one child policy ? ( 3 )
Changes in anticultural one because the famine the 1951 to 1961 more than 35 million people died. Couples were encouraged to have kids to re-populate China after the famine a baby boom followed in the population began growing unsustainably fast. China realise it was heading to another famine usual lack of resources in the early 1970s and then introduce the one child policy in 1979.
The policy was introduced to control China’s rapidly increasing population, which had reached nearly 1 billion by the 1970s
When did china introduce the one child policy
1979
What were the rules of the policy ( 3)
People were not allowed to get married to their late 20s, they were only allowed to have one child per family, fines for people not following the rules, free resources for health and education The families that obeyed the law, 5 to 10 peas and raise for obeying the policy
Advantages of the one child policy(5)
Famine was successfully avoided 400 million fewer children were born, less time we spent on children in childcare and therefore allowing women to work and so gradually promoting gender equality in the country, attitude towards women and girls gradually improved over time, people are more educated on family planning contraceptive the freely available, children that were born were given better healthcare education et cetera because there were more government resources available
Disadvantages of the Chinese one child policy (7)
Forced abortions even as late as nine months were carried out especially a man lower class women, the granny police who are old woman who policed younger ones this caused great anxiety a mañana women, families especially young couples often felt like they had no control over their life as government power of a private lives increased, the Emperor syndrome, female infanticide by families who wanted to have a boy caused a gender imbalance (This has led to a shortage of women in some areas and has contributed to issues such as human trafficking and forced marriage.), ageing population, smaller tax base overtime (contributed to China’s aging population, as there were fewer young people to support an increasing number of elderly citizens)
