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Universe Flashcards

1
Q

What does the universe include

A 
Planets 
Natural satellites
Minor planets 
Stars
Galaxies
The contents of intergalactic space
The smallest subatomic particles
All matter and energy
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2
Q

How do we measure the universe and why

A

Light years - as it is so big

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3
Q

What is the nearest star to our sun ? How far is it away

A

Proxima Centauri - 40 800000000000

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4
Q

How big is the part of the unviverse we can see from earth ?

A

91 billion light years in diameter

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5
Q

What is a light year

A

Distance light travels in a year

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6
Q

What speed does light travel at

A

300 000 km per second

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7
Q

What do astromeners use light years for

A

To describe how far an object is away - so we don’t have to get such big number !!

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8
Q

How long does it take light to reach us from the sun

A

8 min and 20 sec

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9
Q

How many light years is a star 10 years away

A

10 light years

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10
Q

How many km is 1 light year

A

9 500 000 million km away

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11
Q

What do studies of earliest civilization show

A

People watched the skies closely and recorded movements between the sun , moon , planets and stars

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12
Q

Give the hierarchy of humans in the earth

A 
Me
Earth
Solar system 
Interstellar neighborhood 
Milky Way Galaxy
Local galactic group 
Virgo supercluster 
Local supercluster 
Observable universe
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13
Q

What is the timeline of what we think the earth began

A
  1. All matter time and space that exist in the universe compressed into the singularity
  2. Incredibly powerful sources clashed in the singularity . A massive explosion occurred
  3. The big bag !
  4. A swirling spinning dust cloud drawn together by gravity
  5. The temperatures at the center rise higher and higher until …
  6. Zap! A star forms . Planets form from the cooler heavier materials.
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14
Q

What do galaxies consist of

A

Millions of stars held together by gravity

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15
Q

How many Suns are there in our galaxy

A

Our sun is just 1 in 200 billion in our galaxy

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16
Q

What do you find in a galaxy

A 
Planets
Cosmic dust
Gas
Comets
Meteors
More
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17
Q

Galaxies have numbers instead of names but why do some have names

A

To tell what they look like

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18
Q

What is our nearest galaxy

A

Andromeda

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19
Q

What are the Milky Way+ the andromeda

A

Immense spirals of stars , 2 largest and most important member of the local group

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20
Q

How many galaxies in the local group

A

30 galaxies stretching 5 million light years across

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21
Q

How do galaxies grow

A

Over millions of years - by eating their neighbors

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22
Q

What is the Milky Way

A

The white path of light stretching across the heavens

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23
Q

What is the diameter of the Milky Way ? How many stars in it

A

100 000 light years . Consists of 100 000 million stars

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24
Q

Where is the sun situated in the Milky Way

A

30 000 light years away from the center point of the Milky Way in one of the galactic arms

25
How much further then the sun is the nearest star to early
250 000 times further away then the sun is for us
26
What does our galaxy look like from above
Spiral
27
What does our galaxy look like from the side
2 fried eggs stuck together
28
How many components does the Milky Way have and what are they
2 components . The disc and the halo
29
What is the disc
Concentration of stars and most of the galaxies dust and gas
30
How thick the the disc
3000 light years thick
31
What does the disc consist of
Spiral arms which are long curved patterns of the brightest , hottest and youngest stars , star clusters , dust and gas
32
Where is our sun found in the disc
Three-quarters of the way out along the Orion arm
33
Where is the halo
Around the disk
34
What is the halo
A spherical cloud of widely scattered stars
35
Describe the stars in the halo
No stars are formed here , the stars in the halo are the oldest in our galaxy
36
What is the nucleus
The center of our galaxy
37
What are stars
Huge balls of burning gas ( helium and hydrogen )
38
What Do stars do
Give off a lot of heat and light
39
Why don't the stars twinkle
Our atmosphere bends the light to look like its twinkling
40
What is a supernova
Massive explosion generated by a dieing star
41
How often do stars go supernova
Once every 100 years
42
What is a nebula
An immense cloud of hydrogen , helium and astronomical plasma floating in interstellar space
43
What is astronomical plaza
A mix of electrons and protons that break free from atoms due to intense heat
44
Name 1 way a nebula is formed
A giant star explodes in a supernova , the explosion hurls matter into space . That matter gathers into a supernova
45
What are the different nebulas
Planetary nebulae Glowing nebulae Reflection nebulae Dark nebulae
46
What is the timeline of stars
1. Stars are born in a nebula called PROTOSTARS 2. They get brighter and hotter 3. Near the end of their lives , they swell up to form a red giant 4. They shrink to form a white dwarf 5. When all their fuel is used up they form a cold , black cinder - A BLACK DWARF
47
What is the star nearest to earth
The sun
48
What does the sun consist of
Hydrogen and helium
49
What is the star nearest our sun
Proxima Centauri
50
What is the core of the sun
The center
51
What is the photosphere of the sun
Visible surface
52
What is the chromosphere of the sun
Thin , reddish layer found above the photosphere
53
What is the Corona in the sun
Outermost layer , radiated light
54
What is the sunspot
Dark , cooler region of the sun
55
What is the prominence
Great loop of hot gas that lifts off into space
56
Why is the sun important
``` It gives us light Plants grow - food - energy Water liquid Temperature at which we can live Day and night , seasons and tides Vitamin D ```
57
What is the universe of
All of time and space in its contents
58
What is the heat radiated out from the sun caused by
The fusion of hydrogen atoms , nuclear explosions are continually occurring in the sun

Geography (5 decks)

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