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Geography > Universe > Flashcards

Universe Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the universe include

A 
Planets 
Natural satellites
Minor planets 
Stars
Galaxies
The contents of intergalactic space
The smallest subatomic particles
All matter and energy
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2
Q

How do we measure the universe and why

A

Light years - as it is so big

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3
Q

What is the nearest star to our sun ? How far is it away

A

Proxima Centauri - 40 800000000000

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4
Q

How big is the part of the unviverse we can see from earth ?

A

91 billion light years in diameter

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5
Q

What is a light year

A

Distance light travels in a year

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6
Q

What speed does light travel at

A

300 000 km per second

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7
Q

What do astromeners use light years for

A

To describe how far an object is away - so we don’t have to get such big number !!

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8
Q

How long does it take light to reach us from the sun

A

8 min and 20 sec

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9
Q

How many light years is a star 10 years away

A

10 light years

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10
Q

How many km is 1 light year

A

9 500 000 million km away

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11
Q

What do studies of earliest civilization show

A

People watched the skies closely and recorded movements between the sun , moon , planets and stars

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12
Q

Give the hierarchy of humans in the earth

A 
Me
Earth
Solar system 
Interstellar neighborhood 
Milky Way Galaxy
Local galactic group 
Virgo supercluster 
Local supercluster 
Observable universe
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13
Q

What is the timeline of what we think the earth began

A
  1. All matter time and space that exist in the universe compressed into the singularity
  2. Incredibly powerful sources clashed in the singularity . A massive explosion occurred
  3. The big bag !
  4. A swirling spinning dust cloud drawn together by gravity
  5. The temperatures at the center rise higher and higher until …
  6. Zap! A star forms . Planets form from the cooler heavier materials.
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14
Q

What do galaxies consist of

A

Millions of stars held together by gravity

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15
Q

How many Suns are there in our galaxy

A

Our sun is just 1 in 200 billion in our galaxy

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16
Q

What do you find in a galaxy

A 
Planets
Cosmic dust
Gas
Comets
Meteors
More
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17
Q

Galaxies have numbers instead of names but why do some have names

A

To tell what they look like

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18
Q

What is our nearest galaxy

A

Andromeda

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19
Q

What are the Milky Way+ the andromeda

A

Immense spirals of stars , 2 largest and most important member of the local group

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20
Q

How many galaxies in the local group

A

30 galaxies stretching 5 million light years across

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21
Q

How do galaxies grow

A

Over millions of years - by eating their neighbors

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22
Q

What is the Milky Way

A

The white path of light stretching across the heavens

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23
Q

What is the diameter of the Milky Way ? How many stars in it

A

100 000 light years . Consists of 100 000 million stars

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24
Q

Where is the sun situated in the Milky Way

A

30 000 light years away from the center point of the Milky Way in one of the galactic arms

25
Q

How much further then the sun is the nearest star to early

A

250 000 times further away then the sun is for us

26
Q

What does our galaxy look like from above

A

Spiral

27
Q

What does our galaxy look like from the side

A

2 fried eggs stuck together

28
Q

How many components does the Milky Way have and what are they

A

2 components . The disc and the halo

29
Q

What is the disc

A

Concentration of stars and most of the galaxies dust and gas

30
Q

How thick the the disc

A

3000 light years thick

31
Q

What does the disc consist of

A

Spiral arms which are long curved patterns of the brightest , hottest and youngest stars , star clusters , dust and gas

32
Q

Where is our sun found in the disc

A

Three-quarters of the way out along the Orion arm

33
Q

Where is the halo

A

Around the disk

34
Q

What is the halo

A

A spherical cloud of widely scattered stars

35
Q

Describe the stars in the halo

A

No stars are formed here , the stars in the halo are the oldest in our galaxy

36
Q

What is the nucleus

A

The center of our galaxy

37
Q

What are stars

A

Huge balls of burning gas ( helium and hydrogen )

38
Q

What Do stars do

A

Give off a lot of heat and light

39
Q

Why don’t the stars twinkle

A

Our atmosphere bends the light to look like its twinkling

40
Q

What is a supernova

A

Massive explosion generated by a dieing star

41
Q

How often do stars go supernova

A

Once every 100 years

42
Q

What is a nebula

A

An immense cloud of hydrogen , helium and astronomical plasma floating in interstellar space

43
Q

What is astronomical plaza

A

A mix of electrons and protons that break free from atoms due to intense heat

44
Q

Name 1 way a nebula is formed

A

A giant star explodes in a supernova , the explosion hurls matter into space . That matter gathers into a supernova

45
Q

What are the different nebulas

A

Planetary nebulae
Glowing nebulae
Reflection nebulae
Dark nebulae

46
Q

What is the timeline of stars

A
  1. Stars are born in a nebula called PROTOSTARS
  2. They get brighter and hotter
  3. Near the end of their lives , they swell up to form a red giant
  4. They shrink to form a white dwarf
  5. When all their fuel is used up they form a cold , black cinder - A BLACK DWARF
47
Q

What is the star nearest to earth

A

The sun

48
Q

What does the sun consist of

A

Hydrogen and helium

49
Q

What is the star nearest our sun

A

Proxima Centauri

50
Q

What is the core of the sun

A

The center

51
Q

What is the photosphere of the sun

A

Visible surface

52
Q

What is the chromosphere of the sun

A

Thin , reddish layer found above the photosphere

53
Q

What is the Corona in the sun

A

Outermost layer , radiated light

54
Q

What is the sunspot

A

Dark , cooler region of the sun

55
Q

What is the prominence

A

Great loop of hot gas that lifts off into space

56
Q

Why is the sun important

A 
It gives us light 
Plants grow - food - energy
Water liquid
Temperature at which we can live 
Day and night , seasons and tides 
Vitamin D
57
Q

What is the universe of

A

All of time and space in its contents

58
Q

What is the heat radiated out from the sun caused by

A

The fusion of hydrogen atoms , nuclear explosions are continually occurring in the sun

Geography (5 decks)

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