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Geography > Aurora Lights, Clouds, Fire Rainbows > Flashcards

Aurora Lights, Clouds, Fire Rainbows Flashcards

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1
Q

What creates the magnetic field

A

Liquid in outer core contstanlty moving , this moving metal generates a magnetic field around our planet , creating magnetic north and South

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2
Q

Define aurora lights

A

A natural , electrical phenomenon where streams of greenish or reddish light are found in the sky , especially near the northern or southern magnetic poles

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3
Q

Desribe the formation of the lights

A

Solar winds from the sun travel towards the earth
This magnetic field extends far out from the planet. It deflects charged particles from solar wind away.
At higher latitudes (poles) magnetic field lines leave a gap so particles can be funneled through to the upper atmosphere.
There the charged particles interact with oxygen and nitrogen molecules causing them to release energy in the form of light, as the molecules are blown around by the winds, lights form into eerie ribbons and bands

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4
Q

Aurora borealis

A

Aurora lights in the northern hemisphere

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5
Q

Aurora Australis

A

Aurora lights in Southern Hemisphere

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6
Q

Arctic circle

A

66 1/2 degrees north of the equator

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7
Q

Antarctic circle

A

66 1/2 degrees south of equator

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8
Q

Earths inner core

A

Innermost layer of the earth , nickel and iron in a solid state

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9
Q

Earths crust

A

Outermost layer of the earth , solid substance divided into oceanic and continental crust

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10
Q

Higher latitudes

A

Latitudes found between 60-90 degrees

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11
Q

Earths outer core

A

Nickel and iron found in this layer in a molten (liquid) state

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12
Q

Mantle

A

Thickets layer of the earth filled with molten rock known as magma

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13
Q

Magnetic field

A

Field that extends from the warts interior outwards into space. Acts like a shield deflecting solar wind away from the earth

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14
Q

Solar wind

A

A stream of energized , charged particles flowing outwards from the sun at speeds of 900 km/s and at temp of 1 million degrees c

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15
Q

What is a cloud

A

A large collection of tiny water droplets or ice crystals in the atmosphere

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16
Q

What is deposition

A

When water vapour is cooled below 0 degrees it changes into ice crystals

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17
Q

What is a rainbow

A

An arch of colours in the sky

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18
Q

What is a corcumuorizontal arc

A

Formed when light refracts through ice crystals in the sky creating multicolored bands of light

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19
Q

What is condensation

A

What water vapour is cooled above 0 degrees it changes into water droplets

20
Q

What is evaporation

A

When water is heated it changes into water vapour

21
Q

When do the different colours of lights form

A

Red = oxygen at 400
Green = oxygen at 100-250
Blue and purple = nitgogen at 100

22
Q

What is the formation of clouds

A

Evaporated by the sun (sun heats water into water vapour)
Water vapour rises and cools below or above 0 degrees
Billions of water droplets or ice crystals make a cloud

23
Q

What is the difference of the state of water in rainbows and fire rainbows

A

Light is refracted through water droplets = rainbows

Light is refracted through ice crystals = fire rainbow

24
Q

What is the difference of the state of location of rainbows and fire rainbows

A

Directly opposite the sun = location

Parallel to the horizon just below the sun = fire rainbows

25
Q

What is the order of the layers of the atmosphere and it’s heights

A 
Troposphere - 12 KM
stratosphere - 50 KM
mesosphere - 80 KM
thermosphere - 320 KN 
EXOSPHERE
26
Q

What factors are needed for fire rainbows / circumhorizontal arc

A

High elevation. Sun must rise above 58 degrees above the horizon
Cirrus clouds . High altitude cloud made up of hexagonal ice crystals
These plate shaped prisms are positioned horizontally

( light from the sun is refrained by ice crystals )

27
Q

What is the formation of fire rainbows

A

The sun rises higher than 58 degrees in the sky
The light refracts through the plate like crystals, witch act like a prism creating a multi colored prism effect
This creates a multi colored band running parallel to the horizon, just below the sun.

28
Q

What is the importance of the magnetic field

A

To deflect solar winds, whose particles would otherwise strip the atmosphere - loss of life

To eventually strip the ozone layer that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation

29
Q

What liquid in the earth is contstanlty moving

A

The liquid in the outer core

30
Q

What causes the clouds to float in the air

A

The tiny drops of water and ice are very light

31
Q

How high are the circus clouds and what are they made of

A

Above 6000 m

32
Q

How high are the alto clouds and what are they made of

A

Between 2000-6000 m. Made of water droplets and ice crystals if cold enough

33
Q

What are the low clouds made of and how high are they

A

Below 2000 meters . Made of water droplets

34
Q

How do the different types of clouds form what does it depend on

A

The altitude the cooling process occurs at

35
Q

Why can’t a fire rainbow form in mid winter

A

The sun only rises to an angle of 26 degrees

36
Q

Why are cirrus clouds made of ice crystals

A

They are thin, wispy clouds that occur at higher latitudes with very cold altitudes,

37
Q

Where do cirrus clouds form

A

In the upper troposphere. Lowest layer in atmosphere 10-12 km altitude temp can reach -75

38
Q

Where are aurora lights commonly seen

A

Arctic and Antarctic regions

39
Q

What generates the magnetic field

A

The outer core

40
Q

What do local maps show

A

Topographical
Satellite
Aerial

41
Q

What’s a topographical map

A

Shows both man made and natural surface features
Use symbols to show detail and minimize clutter
1:50 000
Contour interval is 20

42
Q

What is a contour interval

A

Difference between any 2 consecutive contour lines

43
Q

What’s a vertical Arial photo

A

90 degree angle . Birds eye view

44
Q

What’s a high angle oblique

A

60 degrees. Horizon visible

45
Q

What’s a low angle oblique

A

30 degrees . Horizon not visible

Geography (5 decks)

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