Aurora Lights, Clouds, Fire Rainbows

Question 1

What creates the magnetic field

Answer 1

Liquid in outer core contstanlty moving , this moving metal generates a magnetic field around our planet , creating magnetic north and South

Question 2

Define aurora lights

Answer 2

A natural , electrical phenomenon where streams of greenish or reddish light are found in the sky , especially near the northern or southern magnetic poles

Question 3

Desribe the formation of the lights

Answer 3

Solar winds from the sun travel towards the earth
This magnetic field extends far out from the planet. It deflects charged particles from solar wind away.
At higher latitudes (poles) magnetic field lines leave a gap so particles can be funneled through to the upper atmosphere.
There the charged particles interact with oxygen and nitrogen molecules causing them to release energy in the form of light, as the molecules are blown around by the winds, lights form into eerie ribbons and bands

Question 4

Aurora borealis

Answer 4

Aurora lights in the northern hemisphere

Question 5

Aurora Australis

Answer 5

Aurora lights in Southern Hemisphere

Question 6

Arctic circle

Answer 6

66 1/2 degrees north of the equator

Question 7

Antarctic circle

Answer 7

66 1/2 degrees south of equator

Question 8

Earths inner core

Answer 8

Innermost layer of the earth , nickel and iron in a solid state

Question 9

Earths crust

Answer 9

Outermost layer of the earth , solid substance divided into oceanic and continental crust

Question 10

Higher latitudes

Answer 10

Latitudes found between 60-90 degrees

Question 11

Earths outer core

Answer 11

Nickel and iron found in this layer in a molten (liquid) state

Question 12

Mantle

Answer 12

Thickets layer of the earth filled with molten rock known as magma

Question 13

Magnetic field

Answer 13

Field that extends from the warts interior outwards into space. Acts like a shield deflecting solar wind away from the earth

Question 14

Solar wind

Answer 14

A stream of energized , charged particles flowing outwards from the sun at speeds of 900 km/s and at temp of 1 million degrees c

Question 15

What is a cloud

Answer 15

A large collection of tiny water droplets or ice crystals in the atmosphere

Question 16

What is deposition

Answer 16

When water vapour is cooled below 0 degrees it changes into ice crystals

Question 17

What is a rainbow

Answer 17

An arch of colours in the sky

Question 18

What is a corcumuorizontal arc

Answer 18

Formed when light refracts through ice crystals in the sky creating multicolored bands of light

Question 19

What is condensation

Answer 19

What water vapour is cooled above 0 degrees it changes into water droplets

Question 20

What is evaporation

Answer 20

When water is heated it changes into water vapour

Question 21

When do the different colours of lights form

Answer 21

Red = oxygen at 400
Green = oxygen at 100-250
Blue and purple = nitgogen at 100

Question 22

What is the formation of clouds

Answer 22

Evaporated by the sun (sun heats water into water vapour)
Water vapour rises and cools below or above 0 degrees
Billions of water droplets or ice crystals make a cloud

Question 23

What is the difference of the state of water in rainbows and fire rainbows

Answer 23

Light is refracted through water droplets = rainbows

Light is refracted through ice crystals = fire rainbow

Question 24

What is the difference of the state of location of rainbows and fire rainbows

Answer 24

Directly opposite the sun = location

Parallel to the horizon just below the sun = fire rainbows

Question 25

What is the order of the layers of the atmosphere and it's heights

Answer 25

``` Troposphere - 12 KM stratosphere - 50 KM mesosphere - 80 KM thermosphere - 320 KN EXOSPHERE ```

Question 26

What factors are needed for fire rainbows / circumhorizontal arc

Answer 26

High elevation. Sun must rise above 58 degrees above the horizon Cirrus clouds . High altitude cloud made up of hexagonal ice crystals These plate shaped prisms are positioned horizontally ( light from the sun is refrained by ice crystals )

Question 27

What is the formation of fire rainbows

Answer 27

The sun rises higher than 58 degrees in the sky The light refracts through the plate like crystals, witch act like a prism creating a multi colored prism effect This creates a multi colored band running parallel to the horizon, just below the sun.

Question 28

What is the importance of the magnetic field

Answer 28

To deflect solar winds, whose particles would otherwise strip the atmosphere - loss of life To eventually strip the ozone layer that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation

Question 29

What liquid in the earth is contstanlty moving

Answer 29

The liquid in the outer core

Question 30

What causes the clouds to float in the air

Answer 30

The tiny drops of water and ice are very light

Question 31

How high are the circus clouds and what are they made of

Answer 31

Above 6000 m

Question 32

How high are the alto clouds and what are they made of

Answer 32

Between 2000-6000 m. Made of water droplets and ice crystals if cold enough

Question 33

What are the low clouds made of and how high are they

Answer 33

Below 2000 meters . Made of water droplets

Question 34

How do the different types of clouds form what does it depend on

Answer 34

The altitude the cooling process occurs at

Question 35

Why can't a fire rainbow form in mid winter

Answer 35

The sun only rises to an angle of 26 degrees

Question 36

Why are cirrus clouds made of ice crystals

Answer 36

They are thin, wispy clouds that occur at higher latitudes with very cold altitudes,

Question 37

Where do cirrus clouds form

Answer 37

In the upper troposphere. Lowest layer in atmosphere 10-12 km altitude temp can reach -75

Question 38

Where are aurora lights commonly seen

Answer 38

Arctic and Antarctic regions

Question 39

What generates the magnetic field

Answer 39

The outer core

Question 40

What do local maps show

Answer 40

Topographical Satellite Aerial

Question 41

What's a topographical map

Answer 41

Shows both man made and natural surface features Use symbols to show detail and minimize clutter 1:50 000 Contour interval is 20

Question 42

What is a contour interval

Answer 42

Difference between any 2 consecutive contour lines

Question 43

What's a vertical Arial photo

Answer 43

90 degree angle . Birds eye view

Question 44

What's a high angle oblique

Answer 44

60 degrees. Horizon visible

Question 45

What's a low angle oblique

Answer 45

30 degrees . Horizon not visible