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ELS > Universe > Flashcards

Universe Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Origin of the Universe started?

A

Biblical Creation

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2
Q

Who made the Big Bang Theory?

A

Alexander Friedman and Georges Lemaître

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3
Q

All matter and energy in the universe are crammed in a tiny compact called _________.

A

“singularity”

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4
Q

Considered as the most accepted theory.

A

Big Bang Theory

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5
Q

also know as the ______ era and as the earliest known period of the Universe.

A

Planck

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6
Q

The universe expanded from the size of an atomic nucleus to 1035 meters in width.

A

Inflationary Era 10^-36 to 10^32

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7
Q

What are the energy or charged particles that are present in the formation of early universe? clue. 4 items

A

quarks, electrons, protons, and neutrons.

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8
Q

protons and neutrons combined to form __________________ clue. starts with letter h (1st word) and letter n (2nd word)

A

hydrogennuclei

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9
Q

Pairs of Hydrogen nuclei form helium nuclei, this process is called ___________.

A

Nucleosynthesis

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10
Q

What year was Radiation Era?

A

10,000 years

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11
Q

Energy was in the form of _______ (wavelengths)

A

Radiation

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12
Q

Electrons joined with hydrogen and helium nuclei to make small neutral atoms.

A

Matter Domination

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13
Q

Gained enough mass to ignite and produce light. clue. slightly irreg areas of gas cloud and sun was created during this period.

A

Birth of Stars and Galaxies (300 million years)

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14
Q

Define the Four Fundamental Forces

A

Strong nuclear force – Force that binds nucleus.
Electromagnetic force – can be attractive or repulsive.
Weak nuclear force – short ranged force present in radioactive energy.
Gravitational force – attractive force that binds the solar system.

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15
Q

CMB is speculated by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson to be a _________ energy

A

Remnant

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16
Q

What are the evidences of Hubble’s Law?

A

Raisin Dough and Red/Doppler shift

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17
Q

The universe’s appearance is homogenous. What and whose theory is this?

A

Bondi, Gold, and Hoyle 1948, Steady State Theory

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18
Q

BBT states there should be curvature

A

FLATNESS

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19
Q

BBT predicts the production of magnetic poles.

A

MONOPOLE

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20
Q

BBT states that space in opposite directions are so far apart they could never have contact with each other.

A

HORIZON

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21
Q

Slighshot Maneuver means _______.

A

Stability

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22
Q

Is a term for a clump for galaxies

A

Super clusters

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23
Q

Geocentric is founded by ________

A

Eudoxus

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24
Q

Known planets - Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter and the Sun orbit Earth clue. “geo”

A

Geocentric

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25
Q

Founded by Nicholas Copernicus

A

Heliocentric

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26
Q

The planets including the Earth revolves around the SUN.

A

Heliocentric

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27
Q

Solar system was formed into bodies with nearly circular orbits because of a whirlpool-like motion of the solar-system.

A

Descartes’ Vortex Theory

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28
Q

Planets were formed by the collision of the sun with a giant comet.

A

Buffon’s Collision Theory

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29
Q

Suggested that planets were formed from substances of the sun. As a speeding massive star passed near the sun, it pulled of material due to the gravitational attraction. The tor-off material became the planets.

A

Jean-Jeffrey’s Tidal Theory

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30
Q

The great cloud and dust nebula collapses because of gravitational pull and contracts as it spins becoming a pancake-shaped object with a bulge at the center.

A

Kant-Laplace Nebular Theory

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31
Q

Steps of the KL Theory:

A

Collapse, Spinning, Flattening, Condensation, Accretion

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32
Q

The sun’s energy comes from _______ fusion (hydrogen turns helium) within its core.

A

nuclear

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33
Q

Does the moon produce a light?

A

No, its light is ONLY from the reflection of the Sun

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34
Q

Primarily composed of roughly equal numbers of protons/electrons, as well as a few heavier ions.

A

Solar Winds

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35
Q

Aurora Borealis is also known as __________

A

Northern Lights

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36
Q

Aurora Australis is also known as __________

A

Southern Lights

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37
Q

2 Groups of planets: __________ and ________

A

Jovian and Terrestrial

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38
Q

Jovian planets are made up of ________, ___________, ________, ________.

A

Hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia.

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39
Q

Composed of “earth-like materials”

A

Terrestrial

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40
Q

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are all ______ planets.

A

Terrestrial

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41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Uranus is part of Jovian Planets

A

TRUE

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42
Q

Why do the planets stay in place?

A

The force of gravity combined with the tendency of a planet to remain in straight-line motion would result in a planet having an elliptical orbit.

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43
Q

Name the 5 Dwarf Planets

A

Eris, Pluto, Ceres, Makemake and Haumea

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44
Q

Came from small rock materials from bigger planets and its “star-like”

A

Asteroids

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45
Q

Auroras are solar flares. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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46
Q

What’s the meaning of the acronym NEAR?

A

Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous

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47
Q

Meteoroids floats in space. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

48
Q

Burning rocks in the atmosphere

A

Meteors

49
Q

Not completely burnt meteors that landed on earth.

A

Meteorites

50
Q

Numerous meteors visible in the atmosphere.

A

Meteor Showers

51
Q

Meteoroids > Earth > Meteors > Meteorites > Meteor Showers

Is this correct?

A

YES

52
Q

Short-period (200yrs to complete an orbit and Long-period (Thousands of years to complete an orbit)

A

Comets

53
Q

How old is Earth?

A

4.543 billion years or approximately 4.6 billion y/o

54
Q

Major assumption in geology events in the past occurred the same way that they are occurring today.

A

Uniformitarianism

55
Q

Deposition, Weather/Erosion, Volcanism, Plate Tectonics are examples of Uniformitarianism. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

56
Q

Know the order of events, but not the dates.

A

Relative

57
Q

All land is distributed horizontally.

A

Horizontally

58
Q

youngest on top; oldest on bottom.

A

Superposition

59
Q

Any rock intrusion that cuts across rocks is younger than the rock that is cut.

A

Crosscutting relationships

60
Q

Objects enclosed in a rock must be OLDER than the time of rock formation.

A

Inclusion

61
Q

Know the dates

A

Absolute

62
Q

Half-lives of radioisotopes vary depending upon the isotope.

A

Radiometric

63
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: True fossils are animals/plants.

A

TRUE

64
Q

Imprints of a living thing in a rock

A

Mold Fossils

65
Q

The sediments of the soil enters the body.

A

Cast Fossil

66
Q

Imprints. Footprints, burrows of lives.

A

Trace Fossils

67
Q

No trace of life (except the Blue-Green algae which produced oxygen).

A

Pre-Cambrian

68
Q

The mantle of the earth was very hot and the metors were continually bombarding the earth

A

Hadean Era

69
Q

Cooling down the earth’s surface and evolving of the blue-green algae and oxygen

A

Archean Era

70
Q

Starting of life

A

Protozoic Era

71
Q

Life started in the water and Invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, then reptiles

A

Paleozoic Era: Ancient Life

72
Q

Gondwana was ________ hemisphere

A

Southern

73
Q

Laurasia was _______ hemisphere

A

Northern

74
Q

d. Gondwana and Laurasia moved together and became ________

A

“Pangea”

75
Q

Land animals and plants were created and primitive animals cannot be seen today due to the massive extinction.

A

Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes

76
Q

Age of reptiles and Dinosaurs, Breakup of Pangea to form the continents, The plants had seed-bearing plants such as gymnosperm, Repti

A

Mesozoic Era

77
Q

Age of reptiles and Dinosaurs, Breakup of Pangea to form the continents, The plants had seed-bearing plants such as gymnosperm, Repti

A

Mesozoic Era

78
Q

a. Age of Mammals and Homo Sapiens
b. Early humans
c. 2 parts: Tertiary & Quarternary period
d. Angiosperms replaced gymnosperms
e. Deciduous trees
f. Animals became marsupials (born alive) (proof: Kangaroos)

A

Cenozoic: New/Recent Life

79
Q

Compromises the solid Earth and includes both the Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior.

A
  • Lithospheres/Geospheres
80
Q

Compromises the solid Earth and includes both the Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior.

A

Lithospheres/Geospheres

81
Q

Compromises the solid Earth and includes both the Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior.

A

Lithospheres/Geospheres

82
Q

Gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and constitutes the transition between it and the vacuum of space.

A

Atmosphere

83
Q

What are the 3 systems of Energy Transfer?

A

Isolated System, Closed System and Open System (hydro, atmos, geo and bio)

84
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Earth is a closed system but open to subsystems.

A

TRUE

85
Q

“outermost layer”

-boundary of earth from space.
-600km in thickness from its base.
-Satellites are located here.

A

Exosphere

86
Q

“hottest layer”

  • Ionosphere “charged particles
    “
  • North/Southern lights
  • the temp increases
A

Thermosphere

87
Q

“middle and coldest sphere”

  • the temp decreases
  • meteors burn up in this layer
  • mesopause: outer boundary of ______
A

Mesosphere

88
Q

The outer boundary of Mesosphere

A

Mesopause

89
Q

“ozone layer”

  • the temp increases
  • contains ozonesphere
  • where airplanes fly
  • stratopause: outer boundary of _______
A

Stratosphere

90
Q

Outer boundary of Stratosphere

A

Stratopause

91
Q

“nearest layer”

  • what we, humans, can see
  • most abundant layer of the atmosphere
  • SMOG
  • tropopause: outer boundary of _______
A
91
Q

“nearest layer”

  • what we, humans, can see
  • most abundant layer of the atmosphere
  • SMOG
  • tropopause: outer boundary of _______
A

Troposphere

92
Q

Outer boundary of Troposphere

A

Tropopause

93
Q

Only substance that exists in the atmosphere as a solid (ice), liquid (liquid water) and gas (water vapor)

A

Hydrosphere

94
Q

Melting

Freezing

Evaporation

Condensation

Sublimation

Deposition

A

Solid to Liquid, Liquid to Solid, Liquid to Gas, Gas to Liquid, Solid to Gas, Gas to Solid

95
Q

Scientific term of Rain

A

Precipitation

96
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: 96% of of the Earth’s water is not usable because it is saltwater.

A

TRUE

97
Q

known as “wind patterns”

A

Moonsoon

98
Q

North East Monsoon is called

A

Amihan

99
Q

Southern west Monsoon is called

A

Habagat

100
Q

“dry season”

A

El Nino

101
Q
  • weather radar
A

Color Codings

102
Q

The reflected signal (echo) and displayed on a TV monitor

A

Echosignals

103
Q

The echo is ______ when the precipitation is more intense.

A

“brighter”

104
Q

Looks at the WIND DIVERGENCE, not with heavy rainfall.

A

Low Pressure Area

105
Q
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Coriolis Effects
A

Hurricane

106
Q

Acts on objects that are in motion relative to a rotating reference frame.

A

 Coriolis Effects

107
Q

Pacific Ocean

A

Typhoon

108
Q

Indian Ocean

A

Cyclone

109
Q

after a storm in 1911 that outpoured 46in of rain in Baguio City (Ondoy – 18in, Yolanda – 16in.

A

Bagyo

110
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: 20th century storms are named after people, female names.

A

TRUE

111
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: 1963 – PAGASA Filipino names; in Alphabetical order. (A-Z)TR

A

TRUE

112
Q

Lightning heats the surrounding air as much as 50k Fahrenheit. When the air is heated, it expands tremendously thus creating a boom.

A

Lighting Formation

113
Q

Happens when warm air rises and the cold air goes down. Therefore, both airs meet and create a VORTEX.

A

Tornado

114
Q

A high spinning wind. 16-32kph. Could reach to 400kph.

A

Vortex

115
Q

One hypothesis is that tornadic waterspouts sometimes pick up creatures such as fish/frogs and carry them up to several miles, and make them rain.

A

Raining Fishes

ELS (4 decks)

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